Notes and Study material for Exams
First Plan (1951 – 56) Target Growth : 2.1 % Actual Growth 3.6 % It was based on Harrod-Domar Model. Influx of refugees, severe food shortage & mounting Inflation confronted the country at the onset of the First Five Year Plan. The Plan Focussed on agriculture, price stability, power and transport It was a successful … Read more
The Rise of Perennial Crops: A Sustainable Future for Agriculture The global food system is facing a multitude of challenges, from climate change and resource depletion to biodiversity loss and food security concerns. Traditional annual cropping systems, reliant on monocultures and intensive inputs, are increasingly unsustainable and contribute to these problems. Perennial crops, on the … Read more
Mission for Integrated Development of Horticulture (MIDH): Boosting India’s Horticultural Sector India, with its diverse agro-climatic conditions, is a global powerhouse in horticulture. The sector plays a crucial role in the country’s economy, providing livelihoods to millions and contributing significantly to food security and nutrition. However, the sector faces numerous challenges, including low productivity, fragmented … Read more
Urban spheres of influence and rural urban fringe Urban spheres of influence Urban spheres of influence reflect centre-to-hinterland relationship, compared with the non-central region, the centre assumes more complex economic functions, and provides more economic activities. Famous theoretical contributions to this research field are the Central Place Theory (Christaller, 1933), the extension to the Central … Read more
Social Empowerment, Communalism, Regionalism Social Empowerment In societal development, conception of empowerment has vital role. This phrase is linked with Secularism and national amalgamation. The consequences of Communalism are ruinous. Causes of Communalism There are numerous of causes for the occurrence of communalism. First is the tendency of the Minorities. The Muslims fail to … Read more
E-Technology in the aid of farmers and Technology Missions in agriculture It is apparent that the tasks of meeting the consumption needs of the projected Population are going to be more difficult given the higher productivity base than in 1960s. There is also a growing realization that previous strategies of generating and promoting technologies have … Read more
Combustion/Incineration Combustion is a chemical reaction that occurs between a fuel and an oxidizer, releasing heat and light. The most common type of combustion is the burning of fossil fuels, such as coal, oil, and natural gas. Combustion is also used in many industrial processes, such as the production of electricity and the manufacture of … Read more
ECOLOGY Ecology is defined “as a scientific study of the relationship of the living organisms with each other and with their Environment.” The classical texts of the Vedic period such as the Vedas, the Samhitas, the Brahmanas and the Aranyakas–Upanishads contain many references to ecological concepts .The Indian treatise on medicine, the Caraka- Samhita … Read more
Social policy and social development Social policy Social policies may be thought of as clusters of rules or as institutionalized guiding principles maintaining a social order. These rules and principles evolved throughout the history of human groups. They reflect choices and decisions made by successive generations striving to satisfy basic biological and emerging … Read more
Horticulture University shall be established in the successor State of Telangana. 5. The Government of India shall establish the National Institute of Disaster Management in the successor State of Andhra Pradesh. , Infrastructure development is the process of building and maintaining the physical and organizational structures and facilities needed for … Read more