Notes and Study material for Exams
Science and economics of Climate change Science of Climate Change The Atmosphere functions as a ‘greenhouse’ and insulates the earth from extremes of temperature. The Greenhouse Effect works in the following manner. Of the incoming short-wave radiation from the sun, one-third is reflected, and the atmosphere, ocean, ice, land, and biota absorb the … Read more
Forest- Types and Conservation of Forest and Forest Resources A forest is a complex ecosystem which is predominantly composed of trees, shrubs and is usually a closed canopy. Forests are storehouses of a large variety of life forms such as Plants, mammals, birds, insects and reptiles etc. Also the forests have abundant Microorganisms … Read more
Environmental security The protection of Environment is needed for Sustainable Development. The Industrial pollution, degradation of forests, depletion of ozone layer, the Green House Gases results in Global Warming and Climate which will have an adverse impact on environment and human Health. There is a need for conservation of Cyclones. Forest Conservation The … Read more
Environmental problems related to INFRASTRUCTURE-development/”>Infrastructure Development Infrastructure is essential for increasing economic progress and reducing POVERTY. The choices made in the type and scale of infrastructure Investment also have major implications for environmental sustainability. Land New infrastructure typically involves land use change and the selection of the site and its proximity to human … Read more
Environmental concerns of tourism Industry, both positive and negative effects including Climate change with reference to Himachal Pradesh Environmental concerns of tourism All too often, the Environment is the ultimate victim of development and expansion. Growth pressures have seen Dharamshala’s boundaries encroach on previously untouched land as the local Population and tourist demands … Read more
Economic Botany The land and waters of the earth sustain a vast assemblage of Plants upon which all other living forms are directly or indirectly dependent. These autotrophs have the remarkable property of capturing the inexhaustible energy of the sun to synthesise organic compounds which are vital for the existence of all life … Read more
Depletion of Natural Resources– Metals, Minerals — Conservation Policy All the materials and energy essential for the survival and welfare of living beings including humans-are provided by nature. They are called Natural Resources. A thing becomes resource only when it is used by humans to perform a function. Man lives in nature and … Read more
Biodiversity-Defination, types, importance, hotspots, threats and conservation The term biodiversity was coined as a contraction of biological diversity by E.O. Wilson in 1985. Biodiversity may be defined as the variety and variability of living organisms and the ecological complexes in which they exist. In other words, biodiversity is the occurrence of different types … Read more
Agrarian Distress and Mitigation More than 35,000 farmers marched to Mumbai from Nashik last week demanding loan waivers as well as the implementation of the Forest Rights Act (FRA). The FRA allows for land up to four hectares to be granted to families who have traditionally cultivated those plots. Having the land in … Read more
Social Welfare Programmes of India Social Welfare sector is responsible for the welfare, rehabilitation and development of the Persons with Disabilities, the Social Deviants, and the Other Disadvantaged who require special attention of the State because of the disabilities and vulnerabilities they suffer from. While there is no information about the size of … Read more