Notes and Study material for Exams
Thermodynamics Thermodynamics is a branch of physics which deals with the energy and work of a system.Thermodynamics is the study of macroscopic systems for which thermal effects are important. These systems are normally assumed to be at equilibrium, or at least, close to equilibrium. Systems at equilibrium are easier to study, both experimentally and theoretically, … Read more
Data Sufficiency in Statistics A sufficient statistic is a statistic that summarizes all of the information in a sample about a chosen parameter. For example, the sample mean, x̄, estimates the Population mean, μ. x̄ is a sufficient statistic if it retains all of the information about the population mean that was contained … Read more
The following are subtopics of Cluster-Based InvestmentInvestment-modelsInvestment Models: Cluster analysis Cluster validation Cluster stability Cluster interpretation Cluster selection Cluster application Cluster analysis is a method of grouping data points into clusters. The goal of cluster analysis is to find groups of data points that are similar to each other and different from other groups of … Read more
The Concept of Unemployment: A Multifaceted Challenge Unemployment, a pervasive economic and social issue, transcends mere statistics. It represents a complex interplay of individual, societal, and structural factors, impacting not only economic growth but also individual well-being and social stability. This article delves into the multifaceted concept of unemployment, exploring its various definitions, causes, consequences, … Read more
National Income The study of National Income is important because of the following reasons: To see the Economic Development of the country. To assess the developmental objectives. To know the contribution of the various sectors to National Income. Internationally some countries are wealthy, some countries are not wealthy and some countries are in-between. Under such … Read more
Understanding the Building Blocks of an Economy: Basic National Income Aggregates The health and performance of an economy are measured by a variety of indicators, but the most fundamental are the Basic National Income Aggregates. These aggregates provide a comprehensive picture of the economy’s overall activity, allowing economists and policymakers to track its growth, stability, … Read more
Social Research and Techniques -Objective of Social Research, Use of scientific method to study of Social Phenomena, tools and techniques of data collection- Observation, Interview, Questionnaire, Schedule Man by nature is inquisitive, and humans have an extraordinary capacity to exercise rational judgment and probe the realities of the world around us. Inherent in … Read more
Data Interpretation Data Interpretation or DI refers to the implementation of procedures through which data is reviewed for the purpose of arriving at an inference. Data can be obtained from multiple sources e.g. data from running of industries, census Population data etc. Interpreting data requires analyzing data to infer information from it in order to … Read more
Tolerance: Definition Tolerance is the willingness to accept actions we believe to be inappropriate or even wrong because it would be worse to take action against them. Tolerance is community-oriented. Ideally, all bad behavior should cease, but it is unrealistic to think that Society could succeed in enforcing this ideal. Tolerance understands this. … Read more
Kinetic theory of gases The kinetic theory describes a gas as a large number of submicroscopic particles (atoms or Molecules), all of which are in constant rapid motion that has randomness arising from their many collisions with each other and with the walls of the container. According to kinetic theory of gases, the molecules of … Read more