Notes and Study material for Exams
Agenda 21: A Blueprint for Sustainable Development in the 21st Century Introduction Agenda 21, a comprehensive blueprint for sustainable development, emerged from the 1992 United Nations Conference on Environment and Development (UNCED) in Rio de Janeiro, also known as the Earth Summit. This landmark document, adopted by 178 nations, laid out a framework for achieving … Read more
Here is a list of subtopics on international conventions: Arbitration Arms control Banking Civil aviation Climate change Commerce Communications Copyright Crime Customs Disarmament Environment Fisheries Health Human rights Intellectual property Investment Labour Law of the sea Migration Nuclear energy Peacekeeping Refugees Space law Standards Taxation Trade Transport Travel Water resources Women’s rights Youth I hope … Read more
Protected Area Networks: A Vital Tool for Conservation and Sustainable Development Introduction The Earth’s biodiversity is facing unprecedented threats from human activities, leading to alarming rates of species extinction and habitat loss. To address this crisis, conservation efforts have increasingly focused on establishing protected areas, designated spaces where nature is safeguarded from exploitation and degradation. … Read more
Pyrolysis and Gasification: Transforming Waste into Energy and Resources Introduction The world faces a growing challenge in managing its waste. Landfills are overflowing, and the environmental impact of waste disposal is becoming increasingly alarming. Simultaneously, the demand for energy and resources continues to rise. Pyrolysis and gasification offer promising solutions to these challenges, providing a … Read more
Combustion and Incineration: A Comprehensive Overview Combustion and incineration are two closely related processes that involve the rapid chemical reaction between a substance and an oxidant, typically oxygen, producing heat and light. While both processes involve burning, they differ in their applications, objectives, and environmental implications. This article delves into the intricacies of combustion and … Read more
NITI Aayog: The Think Tank Shaping India’s Future NITI Aayog, the National Institution for Transforming India, is a powerful policy think tank that plays a pivotal role in shaping India’s development trajectory. Established in 2015, it replaced the Planning Commission, marking a shift towards a more collaborative and decentralized approach to policymaking. This article delves … Read more
Provisions for Arunachal Pradesh: A Comprehensive Look at the State’s Development Arunachal Pradesh, the “Land of the Dawn-lit Mountains,” is a state in Northeast India, known for its breathtaking landscapes, rich biodiversity, and diverse cultural heritage. However, its remote location and challenging terrain have posed significant hurdles to its development. Recognizing the unique challenges and … Read more
The Nagaland Accord: A Complex History and Uncertain Future Introduction The Nagaland Accord, signed in 2015, aimed to end the decades-long insurgency in Nagaland, a state in Northeast India. The accord, however, has been shrouded in controversy and uncertainty, with its implementation facing numerous challenges. This article delves into the historical context of the Naga … Read more
The Weight of the Nation: A Deep Dive into Expenses Charged on the Consolidated Fund The Consolidated Fund, a cornerstone of public finance in many countries, serves as the central account for government revenue and expenditure. It acts as a conduit for channeling funds towards essential public services, infrastructure development, and social welfare programs. Understanding … Read more
The Zero-Hour Economy: A Precarious Balancing Act The world of work is changing rapidly, driven by technological advancements, globalization, and a growing demand for flexibility. One of the most prominent shifts is the rise of the “zero-hour contract,” a flexible employment arrangement that has become a defining feature of the modern economy. This article delves … Read more