Notes and Study material for Exams
Concept of Biotechnology The term ‘Biotechnology’ may Sound futuristic, but it is nearly as old as civilization itself. We have begun growing crops and raising animals 10,000 years ago to provide a stable supply of food and clothing. We have been using the biological processes of Microorganisms for 6,000 years to make useful … Read more
Circulatory System v The circulatory system can be compared to a system of interconnected, one-way roads that range from superhighways to back alleys. v Like a Network of roads, the job of the circulatory system is to allow the transport of materials from one place to another. v As described in Figure below, … Read more
Computer Binary digit system The binary Number System, also called the base-2 number system, is a method of representing numbers that counts by using combinations of only two numerals: zero (0) and one (1). Computers use the binary number system to manipulate and store all of their data including numbers, words, Videos, graphics, … Read more
International and Regional Organisations International Organizations An international organization is an organization with an international membership, scope, or presence. There are two main types: International nongovernmental organizations (INGOs): non-governmental organizations (NGOs) that operate internationally. These include international non-profit organizations and worldwide companies such as the World Organization of the Scout Movement, International Committee of the Red Cross. Intergovernmental organizations, also known as international governmental … Read more
Flood and Drought Occurrence Drought Drought is a complex, slow-onset phenomenon of ecological challenge that affects people more than any other natural hazards by causing serious economic, social and environmental losses in both developing and developed countries. The period of unusual dryness (i.e. drought) is a normal feature of the Climate and weather … Read more
Interior of the earth- composition and physical conditions Core, mantle, and crust are divisions based on composition. The crust makes up less than 1 percent of Earth by mass, consisting of oceanic crust and continental crust is often more felsic rock. The mantle is hot and represents about 68 percent of Earth’s … Read more
Glaciers Glaciers are made up of fallen snow that, over many years, compresses into large, thickened ice masses. Glaciers form when snow remains in one location long enough to transform into ice. What makes glaciers unique is their ability to move. Due to sheer mass, glaciers flow like very slow rivers. Some glaciers … Read more
Topological & Non-Topological Conservation Conservation – shape and structure of networks of interacting organisms in ecological systems In-situ conservation Protect whole ecosystem at all levels to protect threatened species (save entire forest to save tiger) Hot Spots – High endemism & high Species richness (in India – Western Ghats (Agasthyamalai hills, … Read more
youth unrest and commercialization of Education There are four reasons why every nation regards the advancement of its youth as its primary duty. The first is that the youth possess vigour and inventiveness. It is in their strength and in their inventive genius that the hopes of a bright future are centered. The … Read more
Photosynthesis Photosynthesis, the process by which green Plants and certain other organisms transform Light energy into chemical energy. During photosynthesis in green plants, light energy is captured and used to convert water, carbon dioxide, and Minerals into Oxygen and energy-rich organic compounds. It would be impossible to overestimate the importance of photosynthesis in … Read more