Notes and Study material for Exams
Basic Structure The Basic Structure Doctrine is an Indian judicial principle that the Constitution of India has certain basic features that cannot be altered or destroyed through amendments by the parliament. Key among these “basic features”, are the Fundamental Rights granted to individuals by the constitution. The doctrine thus forms the basis of a limited … Read more
The Office of Profit: A Complex Web of Constitutional Constraints The concept of an “Office of Profit” is a cornerstone of India’s constitutional framework, designed to safeguard the integrity and independence of the legislature. It aims to prevent members of Parliament (MPs) and state legislatures (MLAs) from being unduly influenced by the executive branch, ensuring … Read more
LEGISLATIVE, EXECUTIVE AND JUDICIAL CONTROL OVER ADMINISTRATION The need for effective control over administration is, thus, obvious. Public opinion, professional standards and ethics, and the nature of the Society-all influence administration in varying ways and capacities and exercise control over it. A study of this problem may, however, be made here … Read more
The Balancing Act: Conflict Between Fundamental Rights and Directive Principles in India The Indian Constitution, a beacon of democratic ideals, enshrines a unique blend of fundamental rights and directive principles of state policy. While the former are justiciable, meaning they can be enforced by courts, the latter are non-justiciable, serving as guidelines for the government. … Read more
Transparency and Accountability in administration as the sine qua non of participatory Democracy, gained recognition as the new commitments of the state towards its citizens. It is considered imperative to enlist the support and participation of citizens in management of public Services. Traditionally, participation in political and economic processes and the ability to make informed … Read more
India’s democratic journey began in 1947, following the country’s independence from British rule. As the world’s largest democracy, India’s democratic experiment is unique due to its scale, diversity, and historical context. The process of building a democracy in independent India was fraught with numerous challenges, ranging from managing a deeply divided society to creating a … Read more
Values are the standards on which, we evaluate things. For every situation we don’t have time to ‘test’ the case on ethics theories such as utilitarianism. Values provide time saving short-cut in such situation. Under New public management (NPM), the concept of public Services is fast changing. Bureaucrat has become directly accountable to citizen-customer. He … Read more
Neutrality of Civil Services Sardar Patel had made the following observations in the Constituent Assembly to support the continuance of the pre-independence civil service structure:- “It needs hardly to be emphasized that an efficient, disciplined and contended civil service assured of its prospects as a result of diligent and honest work, is a … Read more
The leading economists of the country differ in their opinion about the socioeconomic and ecological consequences of the policy of liberalisation.Liberalization has led to several positive and negative effects on Indian economy and Society. Some of the consequences of liberalisation have been briefly described here: 1. Increase in the Direct Foreign Investment: The policy of liberalisation … Read more
National integration has been a very serious and prominent challenge in all the developing countries including India. For a proper analysis of the concept of national integration it is necessary to know the meaning of certain concepts. The first and foremost concept is the term integration itself which may be defined as “a process of … Read more