Notes and Study material for Exams
The Pigovian Tax: A Tool for Balancing Externalities and Market Efficiency Introduction The invisible hand of the market, while often lauded for its efficiency in allocating resources, can sometimes fail to account for the full costs and benefits of economic activities. This failure arises from the presence of externalities, which are costs or benefits imposed … Read more
What is desalination? Desalination is the process of removing salt from seawater to make it drinkable. It is a vital process in many parts of the world where fresh water is scarce. Water Scarcity Context Types of Desalination Technologies Thermal Processes Membrane Processes Energy Requirements Brine Disposal and Environmental Impacts Costs and Economic Considerations Current … Read more
The APMC Acts: A Deep Dive into India’s Agricultural Marketing System The Agricultural Produce Market Committee (APMC) Acts, enacted in various states across India, form the backbone of the country’s agricultural marketing system. These acts regulate the buying and selling of agricultural produce within designated market areas, aiming to ensure fair prices for farmers and … Read more
The Essential Commodities Act, 1955: A Balancing Act Between Supply and Security The Essential Commodities Act, 1955 (ECA) is a cornerstone of India’s economic policy, aimed at ensuring the availability of essential goods and services to the public at fair prices. This legislation has played a crucial role in stabilizing the market, preventing hoarding and … Read more
The Fiery Menace: Understanding Wildfires Wildfires, once a natural part of many ecosystems, have become an increasingly destructive force in recent decades. Driven by a complex interplay of climate change, human activity, and natural factors, these fiery events pose a significant threat to human lives, property, and the environment. This article delves into the multifaceted … Read more
The following are the subtopics of the Functioning of WTO: Negotiations Dispute Settlement Trade Policy Review Mechanism Technical Barriers to Trade Sanitary and Phytosanitary Measures Rules of Origin Customs Valuation Anti-dumping and Countervailing Measures Safeguards Subsidies Agriculture Services Intellectual Property Rights Transparency in Government Procurement Trade and EnvironmentEnvironment Trade and Development Least Developed Countries Regional … Read more
The following are the subtopics of National Treatment: Definition History WTO Agreement on Trade in Goods WTO Agreement on Trade in Services GATS National Treatment Commitments Exceptions to National Treatment Enforcement of National Treatment The Future of National Treatment Definition National treatment is a principle of international trade law that requires countries to treat imported … Read more
The Securities Transaction Tax: A Global Perspective The Securities Transaction Tax (STT), also known as a Tobin Tax, is a levy imposed on the purchase and sale of financial instruments, such as stocks, bonds, and derivatives. It has been a subject of debate for decades, with proponents arguing for its potential to generate revenue, stabilize … Read more
The Commodities Transaction Tax: A Controversial Tool for Market Stability and Revenue Generation The global financial system is a complex web of interconnected markets, with commodities playing a crucial role in driving economic growth and shaping global trade. However, these markets are also susceptible to volatility and speculation, leading to price swings that can have … Read more
The Power of Collective Investment: A Deep Dive into Mutual Funds Mutual funds are a cornerstone of modern investing, offering individuals a powerful tool to diversify their portfolios and achieve their financial goals. This article delves into the intricacies of mutual funds, exploring their structure, benefits, risks, and how they can be a valuable component … Read more