Notes and Study material for Exams
Education has been accepted as one major agency of socialization, and teachers and educational institutions as socializing agents. In describing education as an instrument of Social Change, three things are important: the agents of change, the content of change, and the social background of those who are sought to be changed, i.e. students. Educational institutions … Read more
Deficit Financing: A Double-Edged Sword of Economic Policy Deficit financing, a term that often evokes both hope and trepidation, refers to the practice of governments spending more than they collect in revenue, thus creating a budget deficit. This seemingly simple concept carries profound implications for a nation’s economic health, impacting everything from inflation and interest … Read more
Planning Commission and national development council Planning commission The Planning Commission was an institution in the Government of India, which formulated India’s Five-Year Plans, among other functions. Background Rudimentary economic planning, deriving from the sovereign authority of the state, was first initiated in India in 1938 by Congress President and Indian National Army supreme leader … Read more
The Youth Parliament: A Platform for Empowerment and Change The concept of a Youth Parliament, a body designed to give young people a voice in political decision-making, has gained traction globally in recent years. This article explores the evolution, structure, and impact of Youth Parliaments, examining their potential to empower young people and foster positive … Read more
The Effective Majority: A Powerful Tool for Understanding and Shaping Collective Decisions In a world increasingly defined by diverse perspectives and competing interests, understanding how collective decisions are made is crucial. While simple majority rule might seem like a straightforward solution, it often fails to capture the nuances of complex issues and can lead to … Read more
Harnessing Technology for Governance: The Rise of E-Governance The 21st century has witnessed a profound transformation in the way we live, work, and interact with the world around us. This transformation is largely driven by the rapid advancement of technology, which has permeated every aspect of our lives, including the realm of governance. E-governance, the … Read more
Controversies Regarding Emergency Powers: A Global Perspective Emergency powers, often invoked in times of crisis, grant governments extraordinary authority to bypass normal legal and constitutional constraints. While intended to safeguard public safety and security, their use has historically been fraught with controversy, raising concerns about potential abuses and the erosion of fundamental rights. This article … Read more
Administration for Welfare In early times, social welfare functions were performed by a few individuals or groups of individuals motivated by compassion and concern for the poor, the needy and the destitute. These people were laymen, embodied with the qualities of humanism and selfless service to the community. But in modern times, most of the … Read more
Disaster Management History shows that India is exposed to national disasters. INFRASTRUCTURE; and other efforts to make the community more resilient to a catastrophic event. Preparedness Preparedness focuses on understanding how a disaster might impact the community and how education, outreach and training can build capacity to respond to and recover from a disaster. This … Read more
Taxation: The Backbone of Modern Societies Taxation, the compulsory levy imposed by a government on its citizens and businesses, is a fundamental pillar of modern societies. It serves as the primary source of revenue for governments, enabling them to fund essential public services like healthcare, education, infrastructure, and defense. While often viewed as a necessary … Read more