Notes and Study material for Exams
The backbone of the rebellions, their mass base and striking power came from the rack-rented peasants, ruined artisans and demobilized soldiers CAUSES The major cause of the civil rebellions was the rapid changes the British introduced in the economy, administration and land revenue system. The revenues were enhanced by increasing taxes. Thousands of zamindars and … Read more
Social movement Social movement, loosely organized but sustained campaign in support of a social goal, typically either the implementation or the prevention of a change in Society’s structure or values. Although social movements differ in size, they are all essentially collective. That is, they result from the more or less spontaneous coming together … Read more
Politics of sub-Regionalism and pressure groups in the Himachal Pradesh:- A sub-region refers to a small area within a region. Due to various factors, the people of a sub-region feel that they possess a distinct identity. A movement for the separation of that sub-region from a state or for the redressal of grievances in the … Read more
Montagu-Chelmsford Reforms 1919: Dyarchy In a system called “dyarchy,” the nation-building departments of government — agriculture, Education, public works, and the like — were placed under ministers who were individually responsible to the legislature. The departments that made up the “steel frame” of British rule — finance, revenue, and home affairs — were retained by … Read more
Changing status of Women and social movements The status of women has been the central concern of many reform movements before and after independence. Leaders of the Brahmo Samaj and the Arya Samaj were concerned with issues like sati, remarriage, divorce, female Education, purdah system, polygamy, and dowry. women’s participation in movements has … Read more
Political Parties and Elections Political parties are an established part of modern mass Democracy, and the conduct of elections in India is largely dependent on the behaviour of political parties. Although many candidates for Indian elections are independent, the winning candidates for Lok Sabha and Vidhan Sabha elections usually stand as members of political parties, … Read more
Nationalist and Revolutionary Literature Nil Darpan is a Bengali play written by Dinabandhu Mitra in 1858–1859. The play was published in Dhaka in 1860, under a pseudonym of the author. The play was essential to Nil Vidroha, better known as the Indigo Revolt of February–March 1859 in Bengal, when farmers refused to sow indigo in … Read more
Student’s unrest Students’ unrest is characterised by “collective discontent, dysfunctional conditions in educational institutions and concern (of public and students) for change in existing norms”. Students ‘agitations, on the other hand, are characterised by ‘action based on the feeling of injustice, identifying source of discontent, frustration and deprivation, emergence of Leadership, mobilisation for … Read more
The Right to Assemble: A Cornerstone of Democracy and a Battlefield for Freedom The right to assemble, a fundamental human right enshrined in international law and the constitutions of many nations, is a cornerstone of democracy and a vital tool for social progress. It empowers individuals to come together, express their views, advocate for change, … Read more
Raja Rammohan Roy: RRM Roy was a social reformer and intellectual in the early nineteenth century Bengal. He is most widely known for founding the Brahmo Samaj and his relentless campaign against the practice of Sati and child marriage. Debendranath Tagore: Brahmo Samaj: BS was founded in 1828 by Raja Ram Mohan Roy with … Read more