Notes and Study material for Exams
Zamindari System (19%) Bengal, Bihar, Banaras, division of NW provinces & northern Carinatic. 90 % of the revenue went to government & 10 % to Zamindar (British) Mahalwari System (30%) Major parts of NW provinces, Central provinces & Punjab. Responsibility of paying … Read more
The Right to Property: A Cornerstone of Human Rights and Economic Development The right to property, a fundamental human right enshrined in numerous international legal instruments, plays a pivotal role in shaping societies and economies. It encompasses the right to own, use, enjoy, and dispose of property, both tangible and intangible, and serves as a … Read more
The constitution (73rd and 74th) Amendment Acts, 1992 and ARTICLE 280 (3) (c) have altered the erstwhile fiscal devolution system and framework between the states and local governments. Under the new fiscal devolution system every State Government is required to constitute, once in five years, a Finance Commission under articles 243 (I) and entrust it … Read more
Civil and Criminal laws: hierarchy of civil and criminal courts in India Courts and Justice system in India The courts are divided into three categories with top court, middle court and lower court. The top court is named as The Supreme Court, while the middle court is named as High Court, and the … Read more
Tax Reforms in India Sience 1990 ie the Chief Justice of India The Supreme Court of India is the highest court in India. It has: (a) One Chief Justice and 25 other judges (b) One Chief Justice and 30 other judges (c) One Chief Justice and 35 other judges (d) One Chief Justice and 40 … Read more
The Wealth Tax: A Controversial Tool for Equality and Growth The concept of a wealth tax, a levy on an individual’s net worth, has re-emerged as a prominent policy debate in recent years. Proponents argue that it is a necessary tool to address growing inequality, fund public services, and promote economic stability. Opponents, however, contend … Read more
Personnel Law Human resource managers in the twenty-first century are faced with an unprecedented intrusion of law into the workplace. The recent rise in EMPLOYMENT litigation and heightened awareness of employee rights in the last decade should signal to management that now more than ever, educating personnel executives in the trends and developments of employment … Read more
Basic Knowledge of Laws in India The law is an amorphous set of rules govern individuals and group behavior. We don’t even know about many of these rules or we understand them only generally. For example, you don’t need to see a written law to know that it’s a crime to steal or destroy someone … Read more
Unique Land Parcel Identification Number (ULPIN) Scheme: Revolutionizing India’s Land Records Introduction Land, the foundation of any nation’s economy, has long been a source of disputes and complexities in India. The lack of a standardized and comprehensive land records system has resulted in numerous challenges, including land grabbing, fraudulent transactions, and protracted legal battles. Recognizing … Read more
The Shadow Economy: Unmasking Tax Evasion and its Global Impact Tax evasion, the deliberate act of avoiding or minimizing tax obligations, casts a long shadow over global economies. It undermines government revenue, distorts markets, and fuels inequality. This article delves into the multifaceted nature of tax evasion, exploring its various forms, motivations, and consequences. We … Read more