Notes and Study material for Exams
Percentage Percent means for every 100 So, when percent is calculated for any value, it means that we calculate the value for every 100 of the reference value. percent is denoted by the symbol %. For example, x percent is denoted by x% x%=x/100 Example : 25%=25/100=1/4 To express x/y as a percent,we have x/y=(x/y×100)% Example : … Read more
Marketing MIX Marketing involves a number of activities. To begin with, an organisation may decide on its target group of customers to be served. Once the target group is decided, the product is to be placed in the market by providing the appropriate product, price, distribution and promotional efforts. These are … Read more
The Angel Investor: A Guide to Funding Your Startup The journey of a startup is fraught with challenges, and securing funding is often the first hurdle. While traditional avenues like bank loans and venture capital can be daunting, a powerful alternative exists: angel investors. These individuals, often successful entrepreneurs or high-net-worth individuals, provide crucial early-stage … Read more
Capitalism vs. Socialism: A Tale of Two Economic Systems The world’s economies are diverse, each with its own unique blend of policies and ideologies. Two dominant systems, however, stand out: capitalism and socialism. These contrasting approaches to resource allocation, production, and distribution have shaped the course of history and continue to spark debate. This article … Read more
Profit and loss IMPORTANT FACTS Cost Price: The price, at which an ARTICLE is purchased, is called its cost price, abbreviated as C.P. Selling Price: The price, at which an article is sold, is called its selling prices, abbreviated as S.P. Profit or Gain: If S.P. is greater than C.P., the seller is said to have … Read more
The Capitalist Economy: A System of Markets, Competition, and Innovation The capitalist economy, a dominant force shaping the world today, is a complex system characterized by private ownership of the means of production, market-driven resource allocation, and the pursuit of profit. This article delves into the core principles, historical evolution, key features, and ongoing debates … Read more
Profit and loss IMPORTANT FACTS Cost Price: The price, at which an ARTICLE is purchased, is called its cost price, abbreviated as C.P. Selling Price: The price, at which an article is sold, is called its selling prices, abbreviated as S.P. Profit or Gain: If S.P. is greater than C.P., the seller is said … Read more
Fractions Any unit can be divided into any numbers of equal parts, one or more of this parts is called fraction of that unit. e.g. one-forth (1/4), one-third (1/3), three-seventh (3/7) etc. The lower part indicates the number of equal parts into which the unit is divided, is called denominator. The upper part, which indicates the number of … Read more
Tax Laws: Laws relating to income, Profits, Wealth tax, Corporate tax The Income-tax Act, 1961 The Income tax Act, focusing on the rules and regulations of tax regulation, was initially put into existence in the year 1961. Under this act, everything related to Taxation and more are mentioned which also includes collection and levy. The … Read more