Notes and Study material for Exams
Public Private PARTNERSHIP for INFRASTRUCTURE and urban development projects. PPP is in particular need due to inefficiency, overstaffing and low productivity in govt. services and govt. owned enterprises. The projects under PPP go through competitive pricing process which clearly shows that the cost of public services is ‘bench marked’ against market standards. The payments which … Read more
Physical Quality Of Life Index (PQLI) Physical Quality of Life Index (P.Q.L.I) was developed by famous economist Morris David in 1979 for 23 developed and developing countries. Morris David used the following three indicators to prepare a composite index known as Physical Quality of Life Index: Life Expectant Rate (L.E.I) Infant Mortality Rate (I.M.I) Basic … Read more
Social Disorganization-Anomie and Alienation The social disorganization theory is one of the most important theories developed by the Chicago School, related to ecological theories. The theory directly links crime rates to neighborhood ecological characteristics; a core principle of social disorganization theory is that place matters. In other words, a person’s residential location is a substantial … Read more
Public Interest Litigation: A Catalyst for Social Justice and Accountability Public Interest Litigation (PIL) has emerged as a powerful tool for promoting social justice and holding the state accountable in India and beyond. This article delves into the evolution, significance, and impact of PIL, exploring its strengths and limitations, and examining its role in shaping … Read more
International Cooperation: A Vital Force in a Globalized World The world today is more interconnected than ever before. Global challenges like climate change, pandemics, and economic instability transcend national borders, demanding collective action and cooperation. International cooperation, therefore, is not just a diplomatic nicety but a crucial necessity for addressing these complex issues and ensuring … Read more
Social Welfare Programmes of India Social Welfare sector is responsible for the welfare, rehabilitation and development of the Persons with Disabilities, the Social Deviants, and the Other Disadvantaged who require special attention of the State because of the disabilities and vulnerabilities they suffer from. While there is no information about the size of … Read more
JOB CREATION As outlined in the NITI Aayog’s Action Agenda, India suffers more from the problem of underemployment (i.e. low-productivity, low-wage jobs) than Unemployment as for example: In 2011-12, agriculture engaged nearly 50% of the workforce but contributed 15% to GDP In 2010-11, within manufacturing, small firms employed 72% but output was only … Read more
Charities The practice of charity means the voluntary giving of help to those in need, as a humanitarian act. There are instances in India, of great men, who gave their all to the cause of charity. One such man was Deshbandhu Chittaranjan Das, the great political leader and a renowned barrister. He donated … Read more
The National Horticulture Mission: A Catalyst for India’s Horticultural Revolution Introduction India, with its diverse agro-climatic zones and rich biodiversity, possesses immense potential for horticulture. The sector plays a pivotal role in the country’s economy, contributing significantly to employment, income generation, and food security. Recognizing the importance of horticulture, the Government of India launched the … Read more
NATURAL Resources OF INDIA What are Natural Resources ? Natural resources are useful raw materials that we get from the Earth. They occur naturally, which means that humans cannot make natural resources. Instead, we use and modify natural resources in ways that are beneficial to us. The materials used in human-made objects are natural resources. Some … Read more