Notes and Study material for Exams
Kautilya theory of Mandal The mandala system was a theoretical construction of states by Kautilya in his Arthasastra. The word “mandala” means circle in Sanskrit. It is a geographical concept of division of lands of the king (the vijigishu) and the neighboring kingdoms. It was “perhaps the first theoretical work on an ancient system of … Read more
Partition and Then Independence: The Fractured Landscapes of Punjab, Bengal, Assam, and Sindh The year 1947 marked a watershed moment in the history of the Indian subcontinent. The British Raj, after centuries of rule, finally relinquished its hold, leaving behind a legacy of political turmoil and communal violence. The partition of India, a hastily conceived … Read more
The Rise of Regional Parties in India Introduction India is a vast and diverse country, with a population of over 1.3 billion people. It is also a democracy, with a multi-party system. In recent years, there has been a rise in the popularity of regional parties. These parties are based on regional identities and interests, … Read more
Flood and Drought Occurrence Drought Drought is a complex, slow-onset phenomenon of ecological challenge that affects people more than any other natural hazards by causing serious economic, social and environmental losses in both developing and developed countries. The period of unusual dryness (i.e. drought) is a normal feature of the Climate and weather … Read more
Integration of Princely States Under the plan of 3 June, more than 562 princely states were given the option of joining either India or Pakistan, or choosing independence. Indian nationalists and large segments of the public feared that if these states did not accede, most of the people and territory would be fragmented. The Congress … Read more
–2/”>a >DOCTYPE html PUBLIC “-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN” “http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd”> Disasters are sudden and intense events which result in considerable destruction, injuries & deaths, disrupting normal life as well as the process of development. Increasing Population and various other socio-economic factors have forced people to live in vulnerable areas. Disasters are perceived to be on the … Read more
The Effects of National Emergency: A Deep Dive into Power, Rights, and Society The declaration of a national emergency is a powerful tool wielded by governments in times of crisis. It allows for the suspension of certain civil liberties and the concentration of power in the hands of the executive branch, often in the name … Read more
Disintegration of Delhi Sultanate The fall of the Delhi Sultanate was the logical conclusion of the decline that had set in during the last days of Muhammad bin Tughluq. The indiscretion of Muhammad bin Tughluq brought into play a process of disintegration which was accelerated by the weakness and the impolitic steps of his immediate … Read more
Mahajanapadas The literal meaning of Mahajanapadas is great kingdoms. They flourished in the north/north western parts of India before the rise of Megasthenes. Whereas Avantipura who was the king of Surasena was one of the first desciples of Buddha, and it gained prominence evr since then in Mathura. The geographical locattion of this kingdom among the … Read more
The Dravida Movement The Dravida movement was basically for the demand of Dravinadu. DravidaNadu, is the name of a hypothetical “sovereign state” demanded by Justice Party led by E. V. Ramasamy and the Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam (DMK) led by C. N. Annadurai for the speakers of the Dravidian languages in South Asia. Initially, the demand … Read more