Notes and Study material for Exams
The Rise of Autonomous States: A Catalyst for the Decline of the Mughal Empire The Mughal Empire, a sprawling and opulent realm that dominated much of the Indian subcontinent for centuries, faced a gradual but inexorable decline in the 18th century. While various factors contributed to its eventual downfall, the rise of autonomous states within … Read more
The Significance of Directive Principles: A Guiding Light for India’s Socio-Economic Development The Indian Constitution, a landmark document crafted in the aftermath of colonial rule, stands as a testament to the nation’s aspirations for a just and equitable society. While the Fundamental Rights enshrined in Part III of the Constitution guarantee individual liberties and freedoms, … Read more
Corruption: NATURE Like that of several other socio-economic offences, corruption stands out as an offence which affects the community as a whole. It is not just an offence between the perpetrator of a traditional crime like murder, theft or rape and an innocent victim. In fact and reality the bribe-giver and the bribe-taker are equally … Read more
The Youth Parliament: A Platform for Empowerment and Change The concept of a Youth Parliament, a body designed to give young people a voice in political decision-making, has gained traction globally in recent years. This article explores the evolution, structure, and impact of Youth Parliaments, examining their potential to empower young people and foster positive … Read more
According to FAO Food Security is “a situation in which all people at all times have access to adequate quantities of safe and nutritious food to lead a healthy and active life”. This definition requires three basic conditions to be met: 1) adequacy, i.e. supplies from domestic production, stocks and imports are sufficient to meet the … Read more
The Effective Majority: A Powerful Tool for Understanding and Shaping Collective Decisions In a world increasingly defined by diverse perspectives and competing interests, understanding how collective decisions are made is crucial. While simple majority rule might seem like a straightforward solution, it often fails to capture the nuances of complex issues and can lead to … Read more
Aristotle Aristotle is one of the greatest thinkers in the history of western science and philosophy, making contributions to logic, metaphysics, mathematics, physics, biology, botany, ethics, politics, agriculture, medicine, dance and theatre. He was a student of Plato who in turn studied under Socrates. Although we do not actually possess any of Aristotle’s … Read more
Determinants of ethics These are the factors in human behaviour that determine whether it is good or bad. There are three such determinants of ethics, namely the object, the end, and the circumstances. Object means what the free will chooses to do in thought, word, or deed or chooses not to do. By end … Read more
Structural challenges : definition Redistribution: intrinsic limitation in terms of the effectiveness of targeting. State capacity: to handle its domain of delivering on Health and Education remain impaired for maximum number of states. Competitive Federalism failed to idealised a model of delivery of essential Services like health and education. Competitive populism needs a counterpart … Read more