Notes and Study material for Exams
Lengthiest Written Constitution: Originally our constitution contained 395 articles divided in 22 parts and 8 schedules. Constitution has been amended 98 times. Currently there are 25 Parts, 12 Schedules, and 448 Articles. These figures show our constitution as the most comprehensive constitution in the world. (British have no written constitution and Constitution of USA had … Read more
Speaker of the Lok Sabha The Office of the Speaker occupies a pivotal position in our parliamentary Democracy. It has been said of the Office of the Speaker that while the members of Parliament represent the individual constituencies, the Speaker represents the full authority of the House itself. He symbolises the dignity and power of … Read more
Constitution of India: Foundation, characteristics Foundation of constitution Constitution is a legal document having a special legal sanctity, which sets out the framework and the principal functions of the organs of the government of a state, and declares the principles governing the operation of those organs. The Indian Constitution is based on the philosophy of … Read more
The Art of the Unexpected: Short Notice Questions in Parliamentary Proceedings Parliamentary proceedings are often characterized by their structured nature, with debates and votes meticulously planned and scheduled. However, amidst this predictable rhythm, a powerful tool exists for holding the government accountable and bringing urgent matters to the forefront: the short notice question (SNQ). This … Read more
The Constitution of India is the supreme law of India. It is a living document, an instrument which makes the government system work. It lays down the framework defining fundamental political principles, establishes the structure, procedures, powers and duties of government institutions and sets out Fundamental Rights, directive principles and the duties of citizens. It is … Read more
The Committee on Public Undertakings: A Watchdog for Public Finances The Committee on Public Undertakings (COPU) is a parliamentary committee in India that plays a crucial role in scrutinizing the functioning of public sector undertakings (PSUs). Established in 1964, the COPU acts as a watchdog, ensuring transparency, accountability, and efficiency in the utilization of public … Read more
Comparison of the Indian Constitution with that of other countries Salient Features of Indian Constitution The bulkiest constitution of the world The Indian constitution is one of the bulkiest constitution of the world, comprising of 395 articles, 22 parts and 12 schedules. So far the constitution underwent 100 amendments. Rigidity and flexibility The … Read more
Navigating the Labyrinth: A Comprehensive Guide to Types of Government The concept of government, a system of governance that directs and controls a society, is as old as civilization itself. Throughout history, diverse forms of government have emerged, each with its own unique structure, power dynamics, and impact on the lives of its citizens. Understanding … Read more
Parliamentary Control over the Executive: A Balancing Act of Power The relationship between the executive and the legislature is a cornerstone of democratic governance. While the executive branch, typically led by a president or prime minister, is responsible for implementing policy and governing the nation, the legislature, composed of elected representatives, holds the power to … Read more
The Privileges of State Legislatures: A Balancing Act Between Collective Power and Individual Rights The legislative branch of government, at both the state and federal level, plays a crucial role in shaping the laws and policies that govern our lives. State legislatures, in particular, are often considered the “laboratories of democracy,” where innovative ideas and … Read more