Notes and Study material for Exams
G.W. Leibniz’s Monadology (1714) is a very concise and condensed presentation of his theory that the universe consists of an infinite number of substances called monads. Leibniz discusses the nature of monadic perception and consciousness, the principles which govern truth and reason, and the relation of the monadic universe to God. Leibniz defines a monad as a … Read more
Bradley’s theory that relational judgments that appear to refer to a number of identifiable and discriminable individuals actually presuppose a single underlying reality gets confirmation from his logical analysis of a kind of judgment in which this reality is introduced directly. Bradley’s definition of judgment introduces “ideal content.” What is “ideal content” and how is … Read more
Ontological arguments are arguments, for the conclusion that God exists, from premises which are supposed to derive from some source other than observation of the world—e.g., from reason alone. In other words, ontological arguments are arguments from what are typically alleged to be none but analytic, a priori and necessary premises to the conclusion that God exists. … Read more
Surds A surd is a square root which cannot be reduced to a rational number. For example, is not a surd. However is a surd. If you use a calculator, you will see that and we will need to round the answer correct to a few decimal places. This makes it less accurate. If it is left as , then the … Read more
Classification Based on Cultural Method Introduction Culture is a complex concept that has been studied by scholars for centuries. There is no one definition of culture that is universally accepted, but it is generally understood to be the shared values, beliefs, and practices of a group of people. Culture can be transmitted through language, art, … Read more