Notes and Study material for Exams
1707-12 Bahadur Shah I 1712-13 Jahandar Shah 1713-19 Farukk Siyar 1719-48 Muhammad Shah Rangila 1748-54 Ahmad Shah 1754-59 Alamgir II 1759-1806 Shah Alam II 1806-1837 Akbar Shah II 1837-57 Bahadur Shah II Later Mughal Rulers Bahadur Shah I After the death of Aurangzeb, prince Muazzam, Azam & Kam Bakhsh fought in … Read more
The Reign of Mohammad Shah: A Turbulent Era in Mughal History (1719-1748) Mohammad Shah, the third Mughal emperor of the 18th century, ascended the throne at a time when the once-mighty empire was teetering on the brink of decline. His reign, marked by internal strife, external threats, and a growing sense of instability, witnessed the … Read more
Ancient Scripts of India India is a land of ancient civilizations, and its history is rich in culture and tradition. One of the most fascinating aspects of Indian culture is its writing system. The ancient scripts of India are a testament to the ingenuity and creativity of the Indian people. Indus Script Brahmi Script Kharosthi … Read more
Kitab-ul-Hind: A Window into Medieval India Introduction Kitab-ul-Hind, also known as “The Book of India,” is a 11th-century Arabic travelogue and historical account written by the renowned Arab traveler and scholar, Al-Biruni. This remarkable work stands as a testament to the intellectual curiosity and cultural exchange that flourished between the Islamic world and India during … Read more
The Rajputs: A Bastion of Autonomy in the Mughal Empire The Mughal Empire, a sprawling dominion that stretched across much of the Indian subcontinent from the 16th to the 18th centuries, was a complex tapestry of diverse cultures and political entities. While the Mughals established a strong central authority, they were not able to fully … Read more
The National Archives of India: Guardians of the Nation’s Memory The National Archives of India (NAI) stands as a silent sentinel, safeguarding the nation’s historical legacy. It is a repository of invaluable documents, manuscripts, maps, photographs, and other records that chronicle the rich tapestry of India’s past, from ancient times to the present day. This … Read more
The style of miniature painting that developed mainly in the independent Hindu states of Rājasthān in western India in the 16th–19th century. It evolved from Western Indian manuscript illustrations, though Mughal influence became evident in the later years of its development. Rājasthānī painting differs from the Mughal painting of the imperial ateliers at Delhi … Read more
Lodhi -First Afghan Dynasty All Turks are the rulers of Delhi Sultanate, while Lodis who succeeded Sayyids were Afgans from 1451 to 1526. It was the last dynasty of the Delhi Sultanate. They are rulers of Pashtun (Afghan) Ghilzai tribal origin and reigned during the last phase of the Delhi Sultanate. After the … Read more
The Rise of Autonomous States in Bengal during the Mughal Empire: A Story of Power, Patronage, and Rebellion The Mughal Empire, a vast and powerful dominion that spanned much of the Indian subcontinent for centuries, was not a monolithic entity. Within its sprawling territories, a complex tapestry of power dynamics unfolded, with regional rulers carving … Read more
History and Battles of Rajasthan Ancient era The ancient civilised history of Rajasthan goes back to 5,000 years ago when in the present day districts of Jhunjhunu and Sikar, along with other areas of jaipur district bordering south Haryana, which formed the part of Vedic state of Brahmavarta along with districts of Mahendragarh and Rewari in Haryana, that … Read more