Notes and Study material for Exams
The Permanent Court of Arbitration: A Century of Dispute Resolution The Permanent Court of Arbitration (PCA) stands as a testament to the enduring human desire for peaceful resolution of international disputes. Established in 1899, it predates the International Court of Justice (ICJ) and has played a crucial role in shaping the landscape of international law … Read more
The International Court of Justice: A Beacon of International Law The International Court of Justice (ICJ), often referred to as the World Court, stands as the principal judicial organ of the United Nations. Established in 1945, the ICJ serves as the ultimate arbiter of international disputes between states, playing a crucial role in upholding the … Read more
Navigating the Waters of Conflict: A Deep Dive into Inter-State Water Disputes Tribunals in India India, a land of diverse landscapes and rich water resources, faces a complex challenge: managing these resources amidst growing populations and competing demands. This challenge is further amplified by the intricate web of inter-state water disputes, where states vie for … Read more
The Concept of the Sovereign State: A Historical and Contemporary Analysis The concept of the sovereign state, a political entity with supreme authority over a defined territory and its people, is a cornerstone of modern international relations. It has shaped the global political landscape for centuries, influencing everything from international law to the conduct of … Read more
The Policy Cut Motion: A Tool for Parliamentary Scrutiny and Political Maneuvering The policy cut motion, a parliamentary procedure with roots in the Westminster system, serves as a potent tool for opposition parties to challenge government policy and exert influence over public spending. This motion, often referred to as a “cut motion” or “policy motion,” … Read more
The Legacy of John A. Macdonald: A Complex Figure in Canadian History John A. Macdonald, the first Prime Minister of Canada, is a figure of immense historical significance. His legacy is complex, marked by both achievements and controversies. While he is celebrated as the “Father of Confederation” for his role in uniting the provinces of … Read more
The Power of Discretionary Grants: A Guide to Securing Funding for Your Project Discretionary grants are a powerful tool for organizations and individuals seeking funding for projects that align with specific goals and priorities. Unlike formula grants, which are awarded based on predetermined criteria and formulas, discretionary grants offer greater flexibility and the opportunity to … Read more
The Single Citizenship Conundrum: A Global Perspective The concept of citizenship, once a relatively straightforward matter of belonging to a single nation-state, is increasingly complex in the 21st century. The rise of globalization, migration, and transnational identities has brought to the fore the question of single citizenship, prompting debate and reform across the globe. This … Read more
Due Process of Law Due process of law is the legal requirement that the state must respect all legal rights that are owed to a person. Due process balances the power of law of the land and protects the individual person from it. When individual rights conflict with the state’s interest in enforcing laws, the … Read more
The Enigmatic Exchange: A Deep Dive into the Territorial Swap Between India and Bangladesh The 1974 exchange of territories between India and Bangladesh, often referred to as the “Enclaves” or “Land Boundary Agreement,” stands as a unique chapter in the history of the two nations. This complex and multifaceted agreement, born out of a legacy … Read more