Notes and Study material for Exams
An increase in the Average temperature of Earth’s near surface air and Oceans since the mid-20thcentury 4thassessment report of IPCC: global temperature increased 74+18 degree C during the 20thcentury. Caused by greenhouse gases Water vapour, Co2, Methane, Nitrous Oxide, Ozone, CFCs (in order of abundance) Since the Industrial revolution, the burning of fossil fuels has increased … Read more
The Indian constitution provides for a federal framework with powers (legislative ,executive and financial) divided between the center and the states. However, there is no division of judicial power as the constitution has established an Integrated Judicial System to enforce both the central laws as well as state law. The Indian federation is not the … Read more
The Greenhouse Effect is a natural process that warms the Earth’s surface. When the Sun’s energy reaches the Earth’s Atmosphere, some of it is reflected back to space and the rest is absorbed and re-radiated by greenhouse gases. It is the process by which radiation from a planet’s atmosphere warms the planet’s surface to a … Read more
Navigating the Waters of Conflict: A Deep Dive into Inter-State Water Disputes Tribunals in India India, a land of diverse landscapes and rich water resources, faces a complex challenge: managing these resources amidst growing populations and competing demands. This challenge is further amplified by the intricate web of inter-state water disputes, where states vie for … Read more
The Allocation of Taxing Powers: A Balancing Act Between Federal and State Governments The allocation of taxing powers between federal and state governments is a fundamental aspect of any federal system. This intricate dance of authority shapes the fiscal landscape, influencing economic development, social welfare, and the overall balance of power within a nation. This … Read more
The Federal Features of the Indian Constitution: A Balancing Act Between Unity and Diversity The Indian Constitution, a landmark document crafted in the aftermath of British colonial rule, stands as a testament to the nation’s commitment to both unity and diversity. While it establishes a strong central government, it also recognizes the unique identities and … Read more
Issues and Challenges Pertaining to the Federal Structure: A Global Perspective Federalism, a system of government where power is divided between a central authority and regional units, has been adopted by numerous countries across the globe. While offering potential benefits like decentralization, representation, and adaptability, federal structures also face inherent challenges that can impact their … Read more
The Inter-State Council: A Vital Mechanism for Inter-State Relations in India The Indian Constitution, a testament to the nation’s commitment to federalism, recognizes the importance of cooperation and coordination between the Union and the States. This intricate web of inter-state relations is facilitated by a crucial institution: the Inter-State Council. Established in 1990, the Council … Read more
The Dynamic Dance of Cooperation and Competition: Exploring the Evolution of Federalism in the United States The United States, a nation built on the principles of federalism, has witnessed a complex and evolving relationship between its national and state governments. This intricate dance between cooperation and competition, often referred to as “cooperative federalism” and “competitive … Read more
Navigating the Labyrinth: Legislative Relations and Centre-State Relations in India India, a vast and diverse nation, operates under a complex federal structure where power is shared between the central government and the states. This intricate system necessitates a robust framework for legislative relations, ensuring smooth coordination and cooperation between the two levels of government. This … Read more