Notes and Study material for Exams
The Renati Cholas The Telugu Cholas of Renadu (also called as Renati Cholas) ruled over Renadu region, the present day Cuddapah district. They were originally independent, later forced to the suzerainty of the Eastern Chalukyas. They had the unique honour of using the Telugu language in their inscriptions belonging to the 7th and 8th centuries. … Read more
Growth of Telugu language & Literature Telugu literature or Telugu Sahityam is the body of works written in the Telugu language. It consists of poems, novels, short stories, dramas and Puranas. Telugu literature can be traced back to the early 10th century period (Prabandha Ratnavali (1918) talk about the existence of Jain Telugu literature during … Read more
Kakatiyas The 12th and the 13th centuries saw the emergence of the Kakatiya dynasty. They were at first the feudatories of the Western Chalukyas of Kalyani, ruling over a small territory near Warangal. A ruler of this dynasty, Prola II (1110–1158) extended his sway to the south and declared his independence. His successor Rudra (1158–1195) … Read more
Gajapatis The Ganga dynasty was followed by the establishment of the rule of another glorious dynasty known as the Suryavamsi Gajapatis. The political chaos which had been prevailing in Odisha from the middle of the fourteenth century A.D. due to the weakness and ineffectiveness of the later Gangas was ended by the emergence of a … Read more
Growth of Nationalist Movement in Andhra Right at the beginning of the Freedom Movement in 1885 A.D. the leaders of the Indian National Congress were satisfied with demanding a few political concessions or Administrative Reforms from the side of the British government. Their policy was to pray and petition only. But with the partition of … Read more
Formation Of Andhra Pradesh Activist Potti Sriramulu advocated inclusion of the Telugu-speaking areas of Rayalaseema and Coastal Andhra in an Andhra state. He conducted a hunger strike until Prime Minister Jawaharlal Nehru promised to form an Andhra state. On 19 October 1952, when Nehru’s promise had not been fulfilled, Sriramulu began fasting again at Maharshi … Read more
The word “monsoon” comes from the Arabic word mausim, meaning season.Monsoons refer to a system of winds in the tropical regions under which the direction of winds is reversed completely between the summer and the winter seasons. Under this system, the winds blow from land to sea in winter and from sea to land … Read more
Slave Qutbuddin Died while playing Chaugan. Aram Shah (short period) Aibak Shamsuddin He defeated Yalduz of Ghazni & Qubacha of Multan. Captured the Iltutmish fort of Ranthambor, Lakhnauti. Organized the iqta system (land assignment) & currency (introduced copper tanka & silver jital). Razia Sultana Married Malik Altunia (Governor of Bhatinda). Turkish Aamirs played the dominant … Read more
Lohit Ayas Copper Syam Ayas Iron Vanik Traders Gramini Village Head Bhagadugha Tax collector Sthapati Chief Judge Takshan Carpenter Niska Unit of currency Satamana Unit of currency Pana Term used for coin Shresthi Guilds Vihara Buddhist Monastery Chaitya Sacred Enclosure Pradeshika Head of District Administration Nagarka City administration Jesthaka Chief of a Guild Prathamakulika Chief … Read more
Different Ancient Civilizations of Rajasthan are:- Kalibangan Civilizations:- Kalibangan lies along the left bank of the dried-up bed of river Ghaggar (ancient Sarasvati and Drashdwati). Its supposed to be older then 4000 B.C. and was first discovered by Amlanand Ghosh in 1952 AD It comprises of three mounds, the larger one in the middle … Read more