Notes and Study material for Exams
Kautilya Theory of Saptanga According to Kautilya, a state has seven Elements or constituents, namely, Swamin— the King, Amatya—the Minister, Janapada—the Land, and the People, Durga—the Fortress, Kosha—the Treasury, Danda—the Army and Mitra—the Allies. This entire set-up of the kingdom was described as Saptanga theory in ancient India. The Swamin refers to the king, regarded … Read more
A Green Revolution 2.0: The National Mission for a Green India The world is facing an unprecedented environmental crisis, with climate change, deforestation, and biodiversity loss posing significant threats to our planet and future. India, with its vast population and rapidly developing economy, is particularly vulnerable to these challenges. Recognizing the urgency of the situation, … Read more
Bhaja Caves The Bhaja Caves are a group of 27 rock-cut Buddhist caves located in the Western Ghats near Pune, India. The caves date from the 2nd century BCE to the 6th century CE, and are notable for their intricate carvings and paintings. The Bhaja Caves are located about 100 kilometers from Pune, in the … Read more
ICAR (Indian Council of Agricultural Research) The Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR) is an autonomous organisation under the Department of Agricultural Research and Education (DARE), Ministry of agriculture and Farmers Welfare , Government of India. Formerly known as Imperial Council of Agricultural Research, it was established on 16 July 1929 as a registered Society … Read more
–2/”>a >DOCTYPE html PUBLIC “-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN” “http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd”> Age structure, sex ratio and Rural-Urban composition of India Rural-Urban Composition: For the first time since Independence, the absolute increase in Population is more in urban areas that in rural areas Rural Population in India: 68.84% Urban Population in India: 31.16% Level of … Read more
Water Resources Rainfall: With an Average annual rainfall of 1,170 mm, India is one of the wettest countries in the world. At one extreme are areas like Cherrapunji, in the northeast, which is drenched each year with 11,000 mm of rainfall, and at the other extreme are places like Jaisalmer, in the west, which receives … Read more
Depletion of Ground Water and its conservation in Telangana– Mission Kakatiya The Telangana State, where groundwater availability has always been a challenge, had not seen a worse situation in terms of water levels as early as March 2016, during the past one decade. If Hyderabad is excluded, for which data is available only since 2005, … Read more
The Jain Flag: A Symbol of Peace, Non-Violence, and Spiritual Liberation The Jain flag, a vibrant symbol of the Jain faith, stands as a testament to the principles of non-violence, peace, and spiritual liberation that form the core of Jainism. Its design, rich in symbolism, reflects the profound teachings of the religion and its enduring … Read more
Unveiling the Splendor of Madurai During the Pallava Dynasty: A Journey Through Time Madurai, the ancient city of Tamil Nadu, boasts a rich and vibrant history, its tapestry woven with the threads of numerous dynasties. Among them, the Pallavas, a powerful South Indian dynasty that ruled from the 3rd to the 9th centuries CE, left … Read more
Indus Valley Civilization Indus Valley Civilization was the first major civilization in south Asia, which spread across a vast area of land in present day India and Pakistan (around 12 lakh sq.km). The time period of mature Indus Valley Civilization is estimated between BC. 2700- BC.1900 i.e. for 800 years. But early … Read more