Notes and Study material for Exams
The Genesis of India’s Constitution: A Deep Dive into the Working of the Constituent Assembly The Indian Constitution, a testament to the nation’s democratic spirit and a beacon of hope for millions, was not born overnight. It was the culmination of years of meticulous planning, passionate debates, and tireless efforts by a group of visionary … Read more
The Right to Public Service: A Foundation for Democratic Participation and Social Justice The right to public service is a fundamental principle that underpins democratic societies and ensures the equitable provision of essential services to all citizens. It encompasses the right to access public services, the right to participate in their delivery, and the right … Read more
The Right to Life: A Fundamental Human Right Under Article 21 The right to life is a fundamental human right, recognized as the most basic and essential right for all individuals. It is enshrined in numerous international human rights instruments, including the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR), the International Covenant on Civil and Political … Read more
The Maneka Gandhi Case: A Landmark Judgement in Indian Press Freedom The Maneka Gandhi case, officially known as Maneka Gandhi v. Union of India, stands as a landmark judgement in Indian jurisprudence, particularly in the realm of press freedom and the right to privacy. This 1978 Supreme Court case, stemming from the government’s attempt to … Read more
The Doctrine of Proportionality: Balancing Harm and Necessity in International Law The doctrine of proportionality, a cornerstone of international law, governs the use of force and other measures in armed conflict and international relations. It dictates that the harm inflicted by any action must be proportionate to the legitimate military or political objective pursued. This … Read more
The Long Road to Equality: A Deep Dive into the Section 377 Judgement and its Impact The landmark judgement decriminalizing consensual same-sex relationships in India, delivered by the Supreme Court on September 6, 2018, marked a watershed moment in the country’s fight for LGBTQ+ rights. This article delves into the history of Section 377, the … Read more
The Armed Forces (Special Powers) Act, 1958: A Legacy of Controversy and Human Rights Violations The Armed Forces (Special Powers) Act, 1958 (AFSPA), is a controversial law that grants sweeping powers to the Indian armed forces in designated “disturbed areas.” Enacted in the wake of the Naga insurgency, the AFSPA has been extended to several … Read more
The Vital Force of Civil Society Organisations: Shaping a Better World Civil society organisations (CSOs) are the backbone of a vibrant and democratic society. They are non-governmental, non-profit entities that operate independently from the state and are driven by the collective will of citizens to address social, economic, and environmental issues. From grassroots community groups … Read more
The Power of People: Exploring the Impact of Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs) Non-governmental organizations (NGOs) are a vital force in the global landscape, playing a crucial role in addressing social, economic, and environmental challenges. These independent, non-profit entities operate outside of government structures, relying on public donations, membership fees, and grants to fund their activities. From … Read more
Electoral reforms Electoral reforms are changes to the way elections are conducted. They can be made for a variety of reasons, such as to improve the fairness of elections, to make them more efficient, or to increase voter participation. There are many different types of electoral reforms that can be implemented. Some common reforms include: … Read more