Notes and Study material for Exams
Jawaharlal Nehru Nehru’s Nationalism and his role in the Freedom Movement are closely interrelated, since it was the nature of Nehru’s Nationalist ideas that dictated his course of action in the freedom movement of India. Nehru’s Nationalism: Nehru’s nationalism was not one of mindless jingoism. He was able to reach a common ground between an … Read more
Sir Thomas Roe: A Diplomat in the Mughal Court (1615-1619 AD) Sir Thomas Roe, a seasoned diplomat and member of the English East India Company, played a pivotal role in shaping Anglo-Mughal relations during his four-year mission to the court of Emperor Jahangir (1615-1619 AD). His journey, fraught with challenges and triumphs, left an indelible … Read more
The Travels of Ibn Battuta: A Journey Through Time and Space Introduction Ibn Battuta, born in 1304 in Tangier, Morocco, stands as one of history’s most remarkable travelers. His epic journey, spanning over three decades and covering an estimated 75,000 miles, took him across vast swathes of the known world, from the bustling cities of … Read more
Al-Biruni: A Polymath of the Islamic Golden Age Introduction Abu Rayhan Muhammad ibn Ahmad al-Biruni, often referred to simply as Al-Biruni, was a renowned scholar, polymath, and traveler of the 11th century. Born in Khwarazm (present-day Uzbekistan), he made significant contributions to various fields, including mathematics, astronomy, geography, history, and philosophy. His insatiable curiosity and … Read more
Al-Masudi: A Polymath of the 10th Century Introduction Abu’l-Hasan Ali ibn al-Husayn al-Masudi, commonly known as Al-Masudi, was a renowned Arab scholar, historian, geographer, and traveler who lived during the 10th century CE. He is widely considered one of the most significant figures in the history of Islamic scholarship, leaving behind a legacy of groundbreaking … Read more
Megasthenes was a Greek ambassador to the court of Chandragupta Maurya in the 4th century BC. He is best known for his writings on India, which provide valuable insights into the history and culture of the subcontinent at that time. Megasthenes was born in Caria, a region of Asia Minor that was then under the … Read more
Fa-Hien: The Pilgrim Monk Who Bridged East and West Fa-Hien, a name synonymous with adventure, faith, and cultural exchange, stands as a towering figure in the annals of Chinese history and Buddhist scholarship. His epic journey to India in the 5th century CE, documented in his seminal work “A Record of Buddhist Kingdoms,” not only … Read more