Industries- Major Industries – Iron and Steel

  Iron and Steel Industry:   Pig Iron Pig iron is the intermediate product of smelting of iron Ore with a high-carbon fuel such as coke and charcoal and is the basic raw material in Foundry and Casting Industry for the manufacture of various types of castings required for engineering sector. Pig iron usually has … Read more

Global Environmental Issues: Climate change

Climate Change It is the long term change in the statistical distribution of weather patterns over periods of time Though it has been happening naturally for millions of years, in recent years it has accelerated due to anthropogenic causes and has been causing Global Warming. UNFCCC defines Climate Change as – “a change of climate … Read more

Different types of nuclear reactors

Nuclear Reactors A nuclear reactor, formerly known as an atomic pile, is a device used to initiate and control a self-sustained nuclear chain reaction. Nuclear reactors are used at nuclear power Plants for electricity generation and in propulsion of ships. Heat from nuclear fission is passed to a working fluid (water or gas), which in … Read more

Type Of Nuclear Reactors

   QUICK REVISION ( ARTICLE:3, SCIENCE): TYPE OF Nuclear Reactors   COMPONENTS OF NUCLEAR REACTOR:   Fuel: Usually pellets of uranium oxide (UO2) arranged in tubes to form fuel rods. The rods are arranged into fuel assemblies in the reactor core   • Moderator: This is material which slows down the neutrons released … Read more

Metal

Metal   In chemistry, a metal is an element that readily forms positive ions (cations) and has metallic Bonds. Metals are sometimes described as a lattice of positive ions surrounded by a cloud of delocalized electrons. The metals are one of the three groups of Elements as distinguished by their ionization and bonding properties, along … Read more

Water Pollution

  Addition of certain substances to the water such as organic, inorganic, biological, radiological, heat, which degrades the quality of water so that it becomes unfit for use. Putrescibility is the process of decomposition of organic matter present in water by Microorganisms using Oxygen. Water having DO (dissolved oxygen)  content below 8.0 mg/L may be … Read more

REM in Toxicology

REM in Toxicology: A Comprehensive Overview Rapid eye movement (REM) sleep is a crucial stage of sleep characterized by brain activity similar to wakefulness, vivid dreaming, and muscle paralysis. While REM sleep is essential for cognitive function, emotional regulation, and memory consolidation, its role in toxicology is less well-understood. However, emerging research suggests that REM … Read more

Diseases Caused By Environmental Degradation

The Silent Epidemic: Diseases Caused by Environmental Degradation The Earth, our home, is facing a multitude of environmental challenges, from climate change to pollution and deforestation. These challenges are not just abstract concepts; they have a direct and devastating impact on human health, leading to a silent epidemic of diseases caused by environmental degradation. This … Read more

Soil: Physical, chemical and biological properties

Soil consists of rock and sediment that has been modified by physical and chemical interaction with organic material and rainwater, over time, to produce a substrate that can support the Growth of Plants.” Soils are an important natural resource.  They represent the  interface between the lithosphere and the Biosphere – as soils provide nutrients for … Read more

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