Notes and Study material for Exams
The major causes of the Environmental Degradation are modern Urbanization, industrialization, over-Population Growth, deforestation etc. Environmental pollution refers to the degradation of quality and quantity of natural Resources. Mahatma Gandhi’s principle of “enoughness” in his saying “the earth provides enough to satisfy every persons need but not for every person’s greed” According to World Commission … Read more
Emergence of India as Educational Force The Indian higher Education system has undergone rapid expansion. In less than 20 years, the country has created additional capacity for a mammoth 40 million students. While the scale of this expansion is remarkable in itself, what sets it apart from earlier decades of equally aggressive expansion … Read more
Here is a list of subtopics on climate change: Causes of climate change Effects of climate change Mitigation of climate change Adaptation to climate change Climate change and the environment Climate change and society Climate change and the economy Climate change and politics Climate change and international relations Climate change and the law Climate change … Read more
Export Promotion Government of India has liberalized the schemes for export oriented units and export processing Zones. agriculture, Fisheries and dairies have been included in the export oriented units. Export processing zones have been allowed to export through trading and star trading houses and can have equipment on lease. These units have been allowed cent … Read more
What is desalination? Desalination is the process of removing salt from seawater to make it drinkable. It is a vital process in many parts of the world where fresh water is scarce. Water Scarcity Context Types of Desalination Technologies Thermal Processes Membrane Processes Energy Requirements Brine Disposal and Environmental Impacts Costs and Economic Considerations Current … Read more
Public Private PARTNERSHIP for INFRASTRUCTURE and urban development projects. PPP is in particular need due to inefficiency, overstaffing and low productivity in govt. services and govt. owned enterprises. The projects under PPP go through competitive pricing process which clearly shows that the cost of public services is ‘bench marked’ against market standards. The payments which … Read more
Brazil, Russia, India, China and South Africa (BRICS) BRICS is the acronym for an association of five major emerging national economies: Brazil, Russia, India, China and South Africa. Originally the first four were grouped as “BRIC” (or “the BRICs”), before the induction of South Africa in 2010. The BRICS members are known for their significant … Read more
International Cooperation: A Vital Force in a Globalized World The world today is more interconnected than ever before. Global challenges like climate change, pandemics, and economic instability transcend national borders, demanding collective action and cooperation. International cooperation, therefore, is not just a diplomatic nicety but a crucial necessity for addressing these complex issues and ensuring … Read more
JOB CREATION As outlined in the NITI Aayog’s Action Agenda, India suffers more from the problem of underemployment (i.e. low-productivity, low-wage jobs) than Unemployment as for example: In 2011-12, agriculture engaged nearly 50% of the workforce but contributed 15% to GDP In 2010-11, within manufacturing, small firms employed 72% but output was only … Read more
NATURAL Resources OF INDIA What are Natural Resources ? Natural resources are useful raw materials that we get from the Earth. They occur naturally, which means that humans cannot make natural resources. Instead, we use and modify natural resources in ways that are beneficial to us. The materials used in human-made objects are natural resources. Some … Read more