Notes and Study material for Exams
Here is a list of subtopics on climate change: Causes of climate change Effects of climate change Mitigation of climate change Adaptation to climate change Climate change and the environment Climate change and society Climate change and the economy Climate change and politics Climate change and international relations Climate change and the law Climate change … Read more
Protected Area Networks: A Vital Tool for Conservation and Sustainable Development Introduction The Earth’s biodiversity is facing unprecedented threats from human activities, leading to alarming rates of species extinction and habitat loss. To address this crisis, conservation efforts have increasingly focused on establishing protected areas, designated spaces where nature is safeguarded from exploitation and degradation. … Read more
Urbanization in the Himalayas: A Balancing Act Between Development and Sustainability The Himalayas, a majestic mountain range spanning across eight countries, are experiencing a rapid transformation. While traditionally known for their pristine landscapes and unique biodiversity, the region is now grappling with the burgeoning phenomenon of urbanization. This shift, driven by factors like economic opportunities, … Read more
Pyrolysis and Gasification: Transforming Waste into Energy and Resources Introduction The world faces a growing challenge in managing its waste. Landfills are overflowing, and the environmental impact of waste disposal is becoming increasingly alarming. Simultaneously, the demand for energy and resources continues to rise. Pyrolysis and gasification offer promising solutions to these challenges, providing a … Read more
Combustion and Incineration: A Comprehensive Overview Combustion and incineration are two closely related processes that involve the rapid chemical reaction between a substance and an oxidant, typically oxygen, producing heat and light. While both processes involve burning, they differ in their applications, objectives, and environmental implications. This article delves into the intricacies of combustion and … Read more
The Collegium System and NJAC: A Contentious Debate on Judicial Appointments in India The appointment of judges to the higher judiciary in India has been a subject of intense debate and controversy for decades. The current system, known as the Collegium System, has been criticized for its lack of transparency, accountability, and inclusivity. In response, … Read more
The Zero-Hour Economy: A Precarious Balancing Act The world of work is changing rapidly, driven by technological advancements, globalization, and a growing demand for flexibility. One of the most prominent shifts is the rise of the “zero-hour contract,” a flexible employment arrangement that has become a defining feature of the modern economy. This article delves … Read more
What is a Fuel Cell? A fuel cell is an electrochemical device that converts chemical energy from a fuel into electrical energy and heat. Fuel cells are similar to batteries in that they both convert chemical energy into electrical energy, but fuel cells do not run down and need to be recharged. Instead, they can … Read more
Combustion/Incineration Combustion is a chemical reaction that occurs between a fuel and an oxidizer, releasing heat and light. The most common type of combustion is the burning of fossil fuels, such as coal, oil, and natural gas. Combustion is also used in many industrial processes, such as the production of electricity and the manufacture of … Read more
Pyrolysis/Gasification Pyrolysis and gasification are two thermochemical conversion processes that are used to convert organic materials into a variety of products, including fuels, chemicals, and biochar. Pyrolysis is a thermal decomposition process that occurs in the absence of oxygen, while gasification is a partial oxidation process that occurs in the presence of a limited amount … Read more