Notes and Study material for Exams
The Weight of the Nation: A Deep Dive into Expenses Charged on the Consolidated Fund The Consolidated Fund, a cornerstone of public finance in many countries, serves as the central account for government revenue and expenditure. It acts as a conduit for channeling funds towards essential public services, infrastructure development, and social welfare programs. Understanding … Read more
AUDITING Auditing is the on-site verification activity, such as inspection or examination, of a process or quality system, to ensure compliance to requirements. An audit can apply to an entire organization or might be specific to a function, process, or production step. Meaning of Auditing: Auditing is an examination … Read more
India has a well developed Taxation structure. The tax system in India is mainly a three tier system which is based between the Central, State Governments and the Local Government organizations. In most cases, these local bodies include the local councils and the municipalities. According to the Constitution of India, the government has the right … Read more
Public expenditure is spending made by the government of a country on collective needs and wants such as pension, provision,
National integration has been a very serious and prominent challenge in all the developing countries including India. For a proper analysis of the concept of national integration it is necessary to know the meaning of certain concepts. The first and foremost concept is the term integration itself which may be defined as “a process of … Read more
External Commercial Borrowing: A Lifeline for Growth or a Debt Trap? External Commercial Borrowing (ECB) has become a significant source of financing for developing economies, particularly in Asia and Latin America. It offers a potential lifeline for growth, providing access to capital for infrastructure development, industrial expansion, and other crucial investments. However, ECB also carries … Read more
Understanding the Challenges to India’s Unity: Factors That Threaten Unity India, a land of diverse cultures, languages, religions, and ethnicities, has always been a tapestry of unity woven from threads of difference. This unique blend has been a source of strength and resilience, allowing the nation to weather numerous storms throughout its history. However, in … Read more
External Commercial Borrowing (ECB): A Vital Lifeline for India’s Growth External Commercial Borrowing (ECB) has emerged as a crucial source of funding for India’s economic development, playing a significant role in bridging the financing gap and supporting various sectors. This article delves into the intricacies of ECB, exploring its history, types, regulations, benefits, and challenges, … Read more
Debt and Investment in India: Current Status Debt status Government liabilities have been broadly classified as debt contracted against the Consolidated Fund of India (defined as Public Debt) and liabilities in the Public Account, called Other Liabilities. Public debt is further classified into internal and External Debt. Internal debt consists of marketable debt … Read more