Notes and Study material for Exams
The constitution (73rd and 74th) Amendment Acts, 1992 and ARTICLE 280 (3) (c) have altered the erstwhile fiscal devolution system and framework between the states and local governments. Under the new fiscal devolution system every State Government is required to constitute, once in five years, a Finance Commission under articles 243 (I) and entrust it … Read more
Economic Profile Uttarakhand is one of the fastest growing states of the India. The State’s economy grew at an annual Growth rate of over 10 percent during the last decade. In terms of economic growth, the state’s performance has been above the national Average from 2002-03 to 2010-11. The high growth led to rapid … Read more
VAT is a multi-stage tax levied at each stage of the value addition chain, with a provision to allow input tax credit (ITC) on tax paid at an earlier stage, which can be appropriated against the VAT liability on subsequent sale. VAT is intended to tax every stage of sale where some value is added … Read more
Direct & Indirect Taxes Direct Tax Indirect Tax Corporation Tax Excise Duties Income tax Service Tax Interest Tax Central Value Added Tax (Vat) Expenditure Tax Sales Tax Wealth tax Property Tax Gift Tax … Read more
Tax Reforms in India Sience 1990 ie the Chief Justice of India The Supreme Court of India is the highest court in India. It has: (a) One Chief Justice and 25 other judges (b) One Chief Justice and 30 other judges (c) One Chief Justice and 35 other judges (d) One Chief Justice and 40 … Read more
Proportional Taxation: A Fair and Equitable System? Proportional taxation, also known as a flat tax, is a system where everyone pays the same percentage of their income in taxes, regardless of their income level. This stands in contrast to progressive taxation, where higher earners pay a larger percentage of their income in taxes, and regressive … Read more
The Shadow Economy: Unmasking Tax Evasion and its Global Impact Tax evasion, the deliberate act of avoiding or minimizing tax obligations, casts a long shadow over global economies. It undermines government revenue, distorts markets, and fuels inequality. This article delves into the multifaceted nature of tax evasion, exploring its various forms, motivations, and consequences. We … Read more
The Wealth Tax: A Controversial Tool for Equality and Growth The concept of a wealth tax, a levy on an individual’s net worth, has re-emerged as a prominent policy debate in recent years. Proponents argue that it is a necessary tool to address growing inequality, fund public services, and promote economic stability. Opponents, however, contend … Read more
The Invisible Hand of Taxation: A Deep Dive into Indirect Taxes Indirect taxes, often referred to as “hidden taxes,” play a crucial role in modern economies. They are levied on goods and services rather than directly on individuals or businesses, making them a less visible but nonetheless significant source of revenue for governments. This article … Read more
The Goods and Services Tax (GST): A Comprehensive Guide The Goods and Services Tax (GST) is a comprehensive, multi-stage tax levied on the value addition at each stage of the production and supply chain. It is a destination-based tax, meaning the tax is levied on the final consumption of goods and services. GST has revolutionized … Read more