Notes and Study material for Exams
The Rihla: A Journey Through Time and Space The word “Rihla” evokes images of distant lands, bustling markets, and the thrill of exploration. It is a term deeply rooted in Islamic history and culture, signifying a journey, a travelogue, and a testament to the human spirit’s insatiable desire to discover the world. This article delves … Read more
THE RENAISSANCE Greater travel, rising wealth and greater knowledge of outer world led to a new philosophy of life called renaissance. With rising material consumption, this worldly pleasures took place of Church advocated other worldly pleasure and hence human and not god became center of activities. Thus, humanism was a key feature of renaissance. Individualism … Read more
The Aryans came to India in several waves. The earliest wave is represented by the Rig Vedic people who appeared in the subcontinent in about 1500 BC. They came into conflict with the indigenous inhabitants called the Dravidians mentioned as Dasa or Dasyus in Rig Veda. The Rig Veda mentions the … Read more
The North Atlantic Drift: A Warm Embrace for Europe The North Atlantic Drift, also known as the North Atlantic Current, is a powerful ocean current that plays a crucial role in shaping the climate of Western Europe. This warm, northward-flowing current originates in the Gulf of Mexico, carries vast amounts of heat across the Atlantic … Read more
The Third Carnatic War: A Clash of Empires in India (1758-1763) The Third Carnatic War, fought between 1758 and 1763, was a pivotal conflict in the struggle for dominance in India between the British East India Company (BEIC) and the French East India Company (FEIC). This war, a continuation of the earlier Anglo-French rivalry, marked … Read more
Azerbaijan Armenia conflict The Caucasus is a strategically important mountainous region in south-east Europe. For centuries, different powers in the region – both Christian and Muslim – have vied for control there. Modern-day Armenia and Azerbaijan became part of the Soviet Union when it formed in the 1920s. Nagorno-Karabakh was an ethnic-majority Armenian region, but … Read more
Introduction to Continents and Ocean Basins Continents and ocean basins being fundamental relief features of the globe are considered as ‘relief features of the first order’. It is, therefore, desirable to inquire into their mode of possible origin and evolution. Different views, concepts, hypotheses and theories regarding the origin of the continents and … Read more
Philosophes such as Voltaire considered England’s government the most progressive in Europe. England’s ruler was no despot, not even an enlightened one. His power had been limited by law. The Glorious Revolution of 1688 had given England a
The International Criminal Court: A Court of Last Resort in a World of Impunity The International Criminal Court (ICC) stands as a beacon of hope in a world marred by atrocities. Established in 2002, the ICC represents a groundbreaking attempt to hold individuals accountable for the most heinous crimes, serving as a court of last … Read more