Notes and Study material for Exams
Tax Expenditures: Hidden Subsidies in Plain Sight Tax expenditures, often referred to as “tax breaks” or “tax loopholes,” are provisions in the tax code that reduce tax liability for specific individuals, businesses, or industries. They deviate from the standard tax system by offering preferential treatment, effectively providing a subsidy through the tax system. While seemingly … Read more
MNREGA and community power structure Several rural development programmes were initiated in India during 1950s and 1960s. These programmes, popularly known as community development programmes, regarded rural people as beneficiaries but not participants in the development process. They were centrally designed and were implemented by extension agents using a top-down mode of decision-making. Those agents … Read more
The term Sustainable Growth became prominent after the World Conservation Strategy Presented in 1980 by the International Union for the Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources. Brundland Report(1987) define Sustainable Development as the a process which seek to meet the needs and aspirations of the present generation without compromising the ability of the future generation … Read more
Empowering Through Education: The Power of Training Communities Introduction In a world marked by rapid technological advancements and ever-evolving societal landscapes, the need for continuous learning and skill development has become paramount. Education is no longer confined to traditional classrooms; it has evolved into a dynamic and accessible force that empowers individuals and communities alike. … Read more
Progressive Taxation: A Fairer System or a Barrier to Growth? Progressive taxation, a cornerstone of many modern economies, is a system where individuals and corporations pay a higher percentage of their income in taxes as their income rises. This principle, often touted as a means to achieve social equity and redistribute wealth, has been a … Read more
Green Skill Development Programme (GSDP): Building a Green Workforce The global climate crisis demands a swift and decisive response, and a key element of this response lies in building a workforce equipped with the skills necessary to drive the transition to a sustainable future. This is where the concept of Green Skill Development Programmes (GSDP) … Read more
Educational Development of Minorities Overview “Education is the single most important instrument for social and economic transformation. A well educated Population, adequately equipped with knowledge and skill is not only essential to support economic Growth, but is also a precondition for growth to be inclusive since it is the … Read more
The Planning Commission: A Legacy of Development and Debate The Planning Commission of India, established in 1950, played a pivotal role in shaping the nation’s economic and social landscape for over six decades. It served as the apex body for formulating and overseeing India’s Five-Year Plans, guiding the country’s development trajectory. While the Commission was … Read more
Despite national commitments through a host of constitutional provisions as well as programmes to fulfill them, of inequalities of different kinds continue to persist in all aspects of social life including Education. The benefits extended by the government, from time to time often do not reach a larger majority of Indians who mostly constitute Scheduled … Read more