Notes and Study material for Exams
–2/”>a >DOCTYPE html PUBLIC “-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN” “http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd”> Salinity is defined as the ratio between the weight of the dissolved materials and the weight of the sample sea water. Generally, salinity is defined as ‘the total amount of solid material in grams contained in one kilogram of sea water and is expressed as part … Read more
Ethics in international funding Historically speaking, internationalisation has been linked to commerce, but the advent of trade predates international trade, as we know it today. To this end, it is interesting to note how, right from the very beginning, the spread of rules and customs often took on a near sacred character in … Read more
Chipko Movement Chipko movement, also called Chipko andolan, nonviolent social and ecological movement by rural villagers, particularly Women, in India in the 1970s, aimed at protecting trees and forests slated for government-backed logging. The movement originated in the Himalayan region of Uttar Pradesh (later Uttarakhand) in 1973 and quickly spread throughout the Indian Himalayas. The … Read more
Sources of Funds The Amendments left important matters such as implementation, service delivery (including local capacity building) and transfer of responsibilities and powers to rural local bodies at the discretion of the state legislatures. Consequently, while expenditure responsibilities of local bodies are extensively enhanced, there is no law to ensure a corresponding assignment of funds … Read more
Potential Areas Of Socio-political conflicts Caste system The Caste System in India has its roots in ancient India. Just as the ashrama dharma laid down rules and duties with reference to the individual’s life in the world, varna or caste system prescribed duties with reference to the particular caste to which an individual belonged. Earlier … Read more
Itai-itai Disease: A Legacy of Cadmium Poisoning Introduction Itai-itai disease, meaning “ouch-ouch” disease in Japanese, is a debilitating and often fatal condition caused by chronic cadmium poisoning. This tragic chapter in human health history serves as a stark reminder of the devastating consequences of environmental pollution and the importance of safeguarding public health. This article … Read more
AUDITING Auditing is the on-site verification activity, such as inspection or examination, of a process or quality system, to ensure compliance to requirements. An audit can apply to an entire organization or might be specific to a function, process, or production step. Meaning of Auditing: Auditing is an examination … Read more
Sunlight is Earth’s most abundant energy source and is delivered free of charge. Indeed, the energy from sunlight reaching the land surface of the earth is thousands of times greater than the world’s current total annual consumption of energy. Yet harnessing sunlight’s energy content directly—rather than indirectly in fossil fuels, wind, or hydroelectric power—makes only a small contribution to humanity’s energy … Read more
Specialized Farming: A Deep Dive into the Future of Agriculture The world’s population is growing, and with it, the demand for food. Traditional farming practices are struggling to keep up, facing challenges like climate change, resource depletion, and rising input costs. This is where specialized farming comes in, offering a more efficient, sustainable, and profitable … Read more
The Air Prevention & Control of Pollution Act is an Act by Parliament to provide for the prevention, control and abatement of Air Pollution, for the establishment, with a view to carrying out the aforesaid purposes, of Boards, for conferring on and assigning to such Boards powers and functions relating thereto and for matters connected … Read more