Notes and Study material for Exams
The Twelfth Five Year Plan: A Blueprint for India’s Growth and Transformation The Twelfth Five Year Plan (2012-2017), formally known as the “Planning Commission’s Approach to the Twelfth Five Year Plan (2012-2017),” marked a significant period in India’s economic and social development. It aimed to accelerate inclusive growth, address poverty and inequality, and enhance the … Read more
Resettlement and Rehabilitation of Refugees: A Complex and Multifaceted Journey The global refugee crisis is a complex and multifaceted issue, with millions of people displaced from their homes due to conflict, persecution, and natural disasters. While the focus often centers on immediate humanitarian aid, the long-term process of resettlement and rehabilitation is crucial for refugees … Read more
Ganga Prahari: Grassroots Guardians of the Ganga The Ganga, revered as a sacred river by millions, faces a multitude of challenges. Pollution, deforestation, and unsustainable agricultural practices threaten its ecological integrity and the livelihoods of those who depend on it. In the face of these threats, a vibrant network of grassroots organizations and individuals has … Read more
Depletion of Natural Resources– Metals, Minerals — Conservation Policy All the materials and energy essential for the survival and welfare of living beings including humans-are provided by nature. They are called Natural Resources. A thing becomes resource only when it is used by humans to perform a function. Man lives in nature and … Read more
Harnessing the Sun: The Potential of Solar Energy in India India, a nation blessed with abundant sunshine, stands at a pivotal juncture in its energy landscape. As the world grapples with the urgent need to transition to cleaner and more sustainable energy sources, India has emerged as a frontrunner in the global solar energy race. … Read more
Ethics in administration: Status and problem The Historical Context India has witnessed a long history of unethical practices in the governance system. Kautilya’s Arthashastra mentions a variety of corrupt practices in which the administrators of those times indulged themselves. The Mughal Empire and the Indian princely rule were also afflicted with the corrupt … Read more
Biodiversity-Defination, types, importance, hotspots, threats and conservation The term biodiversity was coined as a contraction of biological diversity by E.O. Wilson in 1985. Biodiversity may be defined as the variety and variability of living organisms and the ecological complexes in which they exist. In other words, biodiversity is the occurrence of different types … Read more
Nirmal Ganga Sahbhagita: Mobilizing Urban Local Bodies for River Rejuvenation The Ganga, revered as a sacred river in India, has been grappling with severe pollution for decades. Recognizing the urgency of the situation, the Indian government launched the ambitious “Namami Gange” program in 2014, aiming to revitalize the river and restore its ecological health. A … Read more
The Environment Protection Act is an important legislation that provides for coordination of activities of the various regulatory agencies, creation of authorities with adequate powers for environmental protection, regulation of the discharge of environmental pollutants, handling of hazardous substances, etc. The Act provided an opportunity to extend legal protection to non-forest habitats (‘Ecologically Sensitive Areas’) … Read more
The Environment Protection Act is an important legislation that provides for coordination of activities of the various regulatory agencies, creation of authorities with adequate powers for environmental protection, regulation of the discharge of environmental pollutants, handling of hazardous substances, etc. The Act provided an opportunity to extend legal protection to non-forest habitats (‘Ecologically Sensitive Areas’) … Read more