Notes and Study material for Exams
The Kyoto Protocol: A Landmark Agreement Born at COP-3 The Kyoto Protocol, a landmark international agreement aimed at combating climate change, emerged from the third Conference of the Parties (COP-3) to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) held in Kyoto, Japan, in December 1997. This protocol, ratified by 192 countries, set legally … Read more
Biosphere is a part of the earth where life can exist. represents a highly integrated and interacting zone comprising of Atmosphere (air), hydrosphere (water) and lithosphere (land) Life in the biosphere is abundant between 200 metres (660 feet) below the surface of the ocean and about 6,000 metres (20,000 feet) above sea level. absent at … Read more
Protecting India’s Rich Tapestry: A Deep Dive into the Biological Diversity Act, 2002 India, a land of unparalleled biodiversity, boasts a vast array of ecosystems, from the snow-capped Himalayas to the lush rainforests of the Western Ghats. This rich tapestry of life, however, faces increasing threats from habitat loss, climate change, and unsustainable exploitation. Recognizing … Read more
Rice The rice is cultivated on the largest areas in India. Historians believe that while the Indica variety of rice was first domesticated in the area covering the foothills of the Eastern Himalayas (i.e. north-eastern India).Rice is a nutritional staple food which provides instant energy as its most important component is carbohydrate (starch). Rice … Read more
Social Forestry The National Commission on agriculture, Government of India, first used the term ‘Social Forestry’ in 1976. It was then that India embarked upon a social forestry project with the aim of taking the pressure off the forests and making use of all unused and fallow land. Government forest areas that are close to … Read more
The National Water Mission: A Blueprint for Water Security in India India, a land of diverse landscapes and rich cultural heritage, faces a critical challenge: ensuring water security for its burgeoning population. The National Water Mission (NWM), launched in 2011, aims to address this challenge head-on, providing a comprehensive framework for sustainable water management. This … Read more
The National Bamboo Mission: A Green Revolution in the Making Introduction Bamboo, a versatile and fast-growing grass, has long been a vital resource for millions across the globe. From construction materials to food and medicine, its applications are diverse and its potential immense. Recognizing this potential, the Indian government launched the National Bamboo Mission (NBM) … Read more
Economic Growth Economic growth means an increase in Real GDP. This increase in real GDP means there is an increase in the value of national output / national expenditure. Economic growth is an important macro-economic objective because it enables increased living standards and helps create new jobs. Measurement of Economic Growth Economic growth is … Read more
Natural Resources, their sustainable management and conservation A natural resource is something that is found in nature and can be used by people. Earth’s Natural Resources include Light, air, water, Plants, animals, Soil, stone, Minerals, and fossil fuels. People need some natural resources to stay alive. They use others to make their lives … Read more
The Environment Protection Act is an important legislation that provides for coordination of activities of the various regulatory agencies, creation of authorities with adequate powers for environmental protection, regulation of the discharge of environmental pollutants, handling of hazardous substances, etc. The Act provided an opportunity to extend legal protection to non-forest habitats (‘Ecologically Sensitive Areas’) … Read more