Notes and Study material for Exams
India was the first nation to launched a family planning programme in 1952. Though the birth rate started decreasing, it was accompanied by a sharp decrease in death rate, leading to an overall increase in Population.The early concept of population policy covered both mortality and fertility and did not exclusively focus on fertility. There was … Read more
Lead in Paints: A Historical Legacy and Ongoing Threat Lead, a heavy metal with a long history of human use, has left an indelible mark on our world, particularly in the realm of paints. While its use has declined significantly in recent decades due to growing awareness of its toxicity, lead in paints remains a … Read more
Governance in Himachal Pradesh The Governor The Governor is the head of the state administration. All the executive powers of the state are vested in him. But he does not exercise these powers on his own. These powers are exercised by him on the advice of the Council of Ministers. He is a constitutional head … Read more
Oceanic Resources of India and their potential Oceans are the world’s single largest ecosystem, covering nearly three-fourths of the earth’s surface, thereby providing a massive arena for emerging complex and interconnected development issues such as Climate change, livelihoods, commerce, and security. According to estimates by the Global Ocean Commission, ocean resources contribute five … Read more
Techniques of Irrigation and Soil conservations and soil Health cards Techniques of irrigation Surface Irrigation In this method water flows and spreads over the surface of the land. Varied quantities of water are allowed on the fields at different times. Hence, flow of water under surface irrigation comes under unsteady flow. As a result it … Read more
Photosynthesis Photosynthesis, the process by which green Plants and certain other organisms transform Light energy into chemical energy. During photosynthesis in green plants, light energy is captured and used to convert water, carbon dioxide, and Minerals into Oxygen and energy-rich organic compounds. It would be impossible to overestimate the importance of photosynthesis in … Read more
The National Afforestation and Eco-Development Board: A Green Sentinel for India’s Future Introduction India, a land of diverse landscapes and rich biodiversity, faces the pressing challenge of environmental degradation. Deforestation, soil erosion, and climate change threaten the delicate balance of its ecosystems and the well-being of its people. Recognizing the urgency of the situation, the … Read more
Debt and Investment in India: Current Status Debt status Government liabilities have been broadly classified as debt contracted against the Consolidated Fund of India (defined as Public Debt) and liabilities in the Public Account, called Other Liabilities. Public debt is further classified into internal and External Debt. Internal debt consists of marketable debt … Read more
Himalayan Research Fellowships Scheme (HRFS): Fostering Research in the Fragile Himalayas The Himalayas, a majestic mountain range spanning across eight countries, are a vital ecosystem for millions of people. They are the source of major rivers, provide essential biodiversity, and offer unique cultural and spiritual significance. However, this fragile ecosystem faces numerous challenges, including climate … Read more
Navigating the Plastic Waste Management Rules, 2016: A Comprehensive Guide The burgeoning plastic waste crisis has become a global concern, with India facing a particularly acute challenge. Recognizing the urgency, the Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change (MoEFCC) introduced the Plastic Waste Management Rules, 2016 (PWMR, 2016) to address the issue comprehensively. This article … Read more