Notes and Study material for Exams
While proposing the double helical structure for DNA, Watson and Crick had immediately proposed a scheme for replication of DNA. The scheme suggested that the two strands would separate and act as a template for the synthesis of new complementary strands. After the completion of replication, each DNA molecule would have one parental and one … Read more
Traditional methods of vaccine production The first human Vaccines against viruses were based using weaker or attenuated viruses to generate immunity. The smallpox vaccine used cowpox, a poxvirus that was similar enough to smallpox to protect against it but usually didn’t cause serious illness. Rabies was the first virus attenuated in a lab to create … Read more
[su_posts template=”templates/list-loop.php” posts_per_page=”320″ post_type=”post,page” tax_term=”297″ tax_operator=”0″ order=”desc”], Forensic science is the application of science to the law. Forensic scientists use their knowledge of science to help solve crimes and identify criminals. Forensic science is a broad field, and there are many different sub-disciplines within it. Some of the most common sub-disciplines include forensic anthropology, forensic … Read more
DNA: STRUCTURE DNA, or deoxyribonucleic acid, is the hereditary material in humans and almost all other organisms. Nearly every cell in a person’s body has the same DNA. Most DNA is located in the cell nucleus (where it is called nuclear DNA), but a small amount of DNA can also be found in the … Read more
There is vast diversity of living organisms. The chemical compositon and metabolic reactions of the organisms appear to be similar. The composition of living Tissues and non-living matter also appear to be similar in qualitative analysis.Closer analysis reveals that the relative abundance of carbon, hydrogen and Oxygen is higher in living system. All forms … Read more
1000 Genomes Project launched in January 2008, is an international research effort to establish by far the most detailed catalogue of human genetic variation. Human Genome Project HGP was an international scientific research project with a goal to determine the sequence of chemical base pairs which make up DNA and to identify and map the … Read more
GENE REGULATION Gene regulation is the informal term used to describe any mechanism used by a cell to increase or decrease the production of specific gene products (protein or RNA). Cells can modify their gene expression patterns to trigger developmental pathways, respond to environmental stimuli, or adapt to new food sources. All points of gene … Read more
PROTEIN SYNTHESIS Proteins are the end product of many metabolic processes. A typical cell requires thousands of different protein Molecules at any given moment. So, the protein requirements of a particular cell has to be satisfied by synthesizing them at site or has to be transferred from where it is being synthesized. This is in … Read more
Tissue Culture Tissue culture, a method of biological research in which fragments of tissue from an animal or plant are transferred to an artificial Environment in which they can continue to survive and function. The cultured tissue may consist of a single cell, a Population of cells, or a whole or part of an organ. … Read more
Chromosomes Chromosome, the microscopic threadlike part of the cell that carries hereditary information in the form of genes. A defining feature of any chromosome is its compactness. For instance, the 46 chromosomes found in human cells have a combined length of 200 nm (1 nm = 10− 9 metre); if the chromosomes were … Read more