Notes and Study material for Exams
The Weight of the World: A Deep Dive into External Debt External debt, the financial obligations a country owes to foreign entities, plays a crucial role in shaping a nation’s economic landscape. It can be a powerful tool for development, fueling infrastructure projects and bolstering economic growth. However, unchecked, it can also become a crippling … Read more
CAPITAL STRUCTURE The financial requirement of a firm can be met through ownership capital and/or borrowed capital. The ownership capital refers to the amount of capital contributed by the owners. In case of a company, it refers to the amount of funds raised by issuing Shares. The main characteristic of the ownership capital is that … Read more
Navigating Financial Emergencies: A Comprehensive Guide to Emergency Provisions Life is unpredictable. Unexpected events, from medical emergencies to job losses, can throw even the most financially stable individuals off balance. These situations, often referred to as financial emergencies, can quickly spiral into overwhelming debt and stress if not addressed effectively. This comprehensive guide will equip … Read more
The Foundation of Financial Markets: A Deep Dive into Government Securities Government securities, often referred to as “gilts” in the UK and “treasuries” in the US, are debt instruments issued by national governments to finance their operations and fund public projects. These securities play a pivotal role in the global financial system, serving as a … Read more
COST OF CAPITAL The primary meaning of cost of capital is simply the cost an entity must pay to raise funds. The term can refer, for instance, to the financing cost (interest rate) a company pays when securing a loan. In other words, Cost of capital refers to the opportunity cost of making a specific Investment. It is the rate … Read more
Public expenditure is spending made by the government of a country on collective needs and wants such as pension, provision,
–2/”>a >DOCTYPE html PUBLIC “-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN” “http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd”> In India, government expenditure – as per the provision in the Constitution – is divided into Revenue Expenditure and Capital Expenditure. However, the adoption of economic planning shifted emphasize on the division of expenditure into Plan and Non-Plan. The share of Non-Plan expenditure has remained close … Read more
The Many Faces of Money: A Journey Through History, Economics, and Society Money, a seemingly simple concept, is a complex and multifaceted phenomenon that has shaped human civilization for millennia. From its humble beginnings as a medium of exchange to its role in global finance, money has evolved alongside human society, reflecting our changing needs, … Read more
Budgeting Budgeting is the process of estimating the availability of Resources and then allocating them to various activities of an organization according to a pre-determined priority. In most cases, approval of a budget also means the approval to various spending units to utilize the allocated resources. Budgeting plays a criucial role in the socio-Economic Development … Read more
