Notes and Study material for Exams
PDCA Cycle Plan, Do, Check, Act (PDCA) is a well-known and respected approach to helping teams plan and implement a solution to a problem, often testing it on a micro scale and reviewing the results before agreeing how to proceed. PDCA encourages an engaged, problem-solving workforce – the method is not limited to … Read more
Citizen charter The Citizens’ Charter is an instrument which seeks to make an organization transparent, accountable and citizen friendly. A Citizens’ Charter is basically a set of commitments made by an organization regarding the standards of service which it delivers. Every citizens’ charter has several essential components to make it meaningful; the first … Read more
Audit and accounting: Auditing is defined as the systematic and independent assessment and examination of data, statement, records, operations and performance, financial or otherwise of an enterprise. Objectives of Auditing: PRIMARY OBJECTIVE Examining the system of Internal check Checking arithmetical accuracy of books of accounts Verifying the authenticity and validity of transactions. Checking the … Read more
–2/”>a >DOCTYPE html PUBLIC “-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN” “http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd”> Data, Data processing, business data processing, data storage, file management system and data base management systems. Data, Data Processing and management System Data processing and data management are critical components of business organizations. DATA PROCESSING Data processing refers to the process of performing … Read more
Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) is increasingly an essential issue for companies. It is a complex and multi- dimensional organisational phenomenon that is understood as the scope for which, and the ways in which, an organisation is consciously responsible for its actions and non-actions and their impact on its stakeholders. It represents not just a change … Read more
Development is the end result of Public Administration. The paradigm of development is depending on the nature of government and its policies. It may be ideologically driven or ethically motivated. It strips off the orthodox structuralism of public administration as put forward by classical Administrative theorists and attempts to cater the emerging need of a … Read more
Outcome Orientation: Enhancing Effectiveness and Efficiency In today’s dynamic and competitive landscape, organizations are constantly seeking ways to improve their effectiveness and efficiency. One crucial factor that drives success is outcome orientation, a mindset that prioritizes achieving desired results over simply completing tasks. This article delves into the concept of outcome orientation, exploring its benefits, … Read more
Sevottam Model: Enhancing Public Service Delivery The pursuit of efficient and effective public service delivery is a cornerstone of good governance. In India, the Sevottam Model, a comprehensive framework for public service excellence, has emerged as a potent tool for transforming the landscape of public service delivery. This article delves into the intricacies of the … Read more
Basics of different types of BUDGETING, Budgetary control Table of Content:- Budgeting- Different types of Budgeting Budgetary Control Responsibility Accounting Social Accounting Different types of Deficits- Budgetary Fiscal Revenue Deficit Budgeting Budgeting is the process of estimating the availability of Resources and then allocating them to various activities of an organization according to a … Read more
Tolerance: Definition Tolerance is the willingness to accept actions we believe to be inappropriate or even wrong because it would be worse to take action against them. Tolerance is community-oriented. Ideally, all bad behavior should cease, but it is unrealistic to think that Society could succeed in enforcing this ideal. Tolerance understands this. … Read more