Notes and Study material for Exams
The Complexities of Laterization: A Deep Dive into Soil Formation and its Impacts Laterization is a fascinating and complex process that shapes the Earth’s surface, influencing soil formation, nutrient cycling, and even the evolution of ecosystems. This article delves into the intricate mechanisms of laterization, exploring its causes, consequences, and the diverse landscapes it creates. … Read more
The Benguela Current: A Lifeline and a Threat The Benguela Current, a cold, nutrient-rich current flowing northward along the western coast of southern Africa, is a vital ecosystem and a significant driver of the region’s climate and economy. This powerful current, one of the four major eastern boundary upwelling systems in the world, plays a … Read more
Shales are fine-grained Sedimentary Rocks formed of organic-rich mud at the bottom of ancient seas.Subsequent sedimentation and the resultant heat and pressure transformed the mud into shale and also produced natural gas from the organic matter contained in it. Over long spans of geologic time, some of the gas migrated to adjacent sandstones and was trapped in … Read more
Environmental influences are important both at the prenatal and postnatal stages of Human Development. At the prenatal stage, when a fetus is in the mother’s womb, internal or external harmful agents, such as certain legal or illegal drugs, alcohol, lead and pollutants can harm the unborn baby’s development. The mother’s Nutrition, diseases and emotional Stress … Read more
What is desalination? Desalination is the process of removing salt from seawater to make it drinkable. It is a vital process in many parts of the world where fresh water is scarce. Water Scarcity Context Types of Desalination Technologies Thermal Processes Membrane Processes Energy Requirements Brine Disposal and Environmental Impacts Costs and Economic Considerations Current … Read more
The Polar Easterlies: A Vital Force in Earth’s Climate System The Earth’s atmosphere is a complex and dynamic system, driven by a delicate balance of energy, pressure, and rotation. One of the key components of this system are the polar easterlies, prevailing winds that blow from east to west in the high latitudes of both … Read more
NATURAL Resources OF INDIA What are Natural Resources ? Natural resources are useful raw materials that we get from the Earth. They occur naturally, which means that humans cannot make natural resources. Instead, we use and modify natural resources in ways that are beneficial to us. The materials used in human-made objects are natural resources. Some … Read more
Public Private PARTNERSHIP for INFRASTRUCTURE and urban development projects. PPP is in particular need due to inefficiency, overstaffing and low productivity in govt. services and govt. owned enterprises. The projects under PPP go through competitive pricing process which clearly shows that the cost of public services is ‘bench marked’ against market standards. The payments which … Read more
Three Geological divisions: The peninsular block The Himalayas and other Peninsular Mountains Indo-Ganga-Brahmaputra Plain Peninsualar block is made of gneisses (metamorphic) and granites (igneous). Six physiographic divisions: The Northern and North-eastern Mountains The Northern Plain The Peninsular Plateau The Indian Desert The Coastal Plains The Islands Northern and North-Eastern Mountains Approximate length of … Read more
Temperature: The Foundation of Weather and Climate Temperature, the degree of hotness or coldness of a substance, is a fundamental element of both weather and climate. It plays a crucial role in shaping the physical environment, influencing everything from the distribution of plant and animal life to the formation of weather patterns and the severity … Read more