Notes and Study material for Exams
The JP Movement: A Legacy of Social Justice and Political Transformation The JP Movement, named after its charismatic leader Jayaprakash Narayan, was a powerful social and political movement that swept across India in the 1970s. It emerged as a response to the growing authoritarianism and corruption of the Indira Gandhi government, culminating in a nationwide … Read more
Values are the standards on which, we evaluate things. For every situation we don’t have time to ‘test’ the case on ethics theories such as utilitarianism. Values provide time saving short-cut in such situation. Under New public management (NPM), the concept of public Services is fast changing. Bureaucrat has become directly accountable to citizen-customer. He … Read more
Membership of State Legislature The membership of a state legislature is made up of elected representatives who serve in the state’s legislative body. The size of the legislature varies from state to state, but most states have a bicameral legislature, meaning that it is made up of two chambers: a lower house and an upper … Read more
The Indian constitution originally provided 7 categories of Fundamental Rights. But one fundamental right, that to property was removed from the list of fundamental rights by 44th amendment. Right to Property now is an ordinary legal right. Thus there are now 6 categories of fundamental rights. These are: (1) Right to Equality (Arts. 14-18). In … Read more
Mahatma Gandhi The role of Mahatma Gandhi in Indian Freedom Struggle is considered the most significant as he single-handedly spearheaded the movement for Indian independence. The peaceful and non-violent techniques of Mahatma Gandhi formed the basis of freedom struggle against the British yoke. Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi was born on 2nd October 1869. After he … Read more
NATIONAL MOVEMENT-POST FIRST WORLD WAR SCENARIO After the First World War the Indian National Movement entered into a new phase. With the emergence of Gandhi, the element of mass mobilisation was introduced. Till the coming of independence three major Mass Movements were launched; Non-Cooperation (1920-22), Civil disobedience (1930-34) and Quit India(1942).Besides these mass movements the … Read more
Motions in Parliament: The Engines of Change and Debate Parliamentary motions are the lifeblood of legislative processes, serving as the formal mechanisms for initiating debate, proposing changes, and ultimately shaping laws and policies. They are the tools through which elected representatives voice their concerns, advance their agendas, and hold the government accountable. Understanding the various … Read more
Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi was ‘a man of millennium’ who imparts the lesson of truth, Non- violence and peace. The philosophy and ideology is relevant still today.The philosophy of Gandhi was based on truth, sacrifice, non- violence selfless service and cooperation. In modern times, nonviolent methods of action have been a powerful tool for social protest. … Read more
Principles of Public Administration Throughout the 20th century the study and practice of public administration has been essentially pragmatic and normative rather than theoretical and value free. This may explain why public administration, unlike some social sciences, developed without much concern about an encompassing theory. Not until the mid-20th century and the dissemination of the … Read more
0 combating Corruption 1.The first tool is ‘Education’. With the help of education we can reduce corruption. According to a report by Transparency International, the least corrupt state is Kerala, the reason being that Kerala’s Literacy rate is highest in India. So we can see how education effects education. In most of … Read more