Notes and Study material for Exams
Central Bureau of Investigation At an early stage of World War-II, the Government of India realised that vast increase in expenditure for war efforts had provided opportunities to unscrupulous and anti-social persons, both officials and non-officials, for indulging in bribery and Corruption at the cost of public and the Government. It was felt … Read more
The Indian constitution provides for a federal framework with powers (legislative ,executive and financial) divided between the center and the states. However, there is no division of judicial power as the constitution has established an Integrated Judicial System to enforce both the central laws as well as state law. The Indian federation is not the … Read more
In the early 2nd century BC, a tribe on the Central Asian frontier of China called Hsiung-nu defeated a neighboring one known as Yueh-chih. After more conflict, the survivors of the Yueh-chih were dislocated west, passing down the Ili river valley and along the southern shore of lake Issyk Kul. This movement also pushed … Read more
The Division of Powers: A Cornerstone of Constitutional Democracy The division of powers, a fundamental principle of constitutional democracy, serves as a cornerstone for safeguarding individual liberties and ensuring a balanced and effective government. This principle, enshrined in many constitutions around the world, seeks to prevent the concentration of power in any single branch of … Read more
Money Supply is the entire stock of currency and other liquid instruments in a country’s economy as of a particular time. The money supply can include cash, coins and balances held in checking and Savings accounts. Money Supply can be estimated as narrow or Broad Money. There are four measures of money supply in India … Read more
Pahlava dynasty The breakdown of the Mauryan Empire led to the rise of many regional kingdoms in different parts of the country. At the same time, we witness invasions by various groups of people based in Central Asia and western China. These were Indo-Greeks, the Scythians or the Śakas, the Parthians or the … Read more
MNREGA Jan Dhan Yojna Atal Pension Yojna Skill India Mission Deen Dayal Upadhyaya Gram Jyoti Yojana Pradhan Mantri Suraksha Bima Yojana Pradhan Mantri Jeevan Jyoti Bima Yojana Sukanya Samridhi Yojana Pradhan Mantri Garib Kalyan Yojana Jan Aushadhi Yojana (JAY) Nai Manzil Scheme for minority students The Pradhan Mantri Awas Yojana (PMAY) or Housing for all … Read more
The Central Electricity Regulatory Commission: A Vital Force in India’s Power Sector The Indian power sector, a critical pillar of the nation’s economic growth, is a complex and dynamic landscape. Navigating this landscape requires a robust regulatory framework, and at the heart of this framework lies the Central Electricity Regulatory Commission (CERC). Established in 1998, … Read more
The Central Information Commission: Championing Transparency and Accountability in India The Central Information Commission (CIC), established in 2005, stands as a cornerstone of India’s Right to Information (RTI) regime. It acts as a watchdog, ensuring the effective implementation of the RTI Act and empowering citizens to hold the government accountable. This article delves into the … Read more
A Legacy of Protection: The Environment (Protection) Act, 1986 and its Impact on India The Environment (Protection) Act, 1986 (EPA, 1986) stands as a landmark legislation in India’s environmental history. Enacted in the wake of the Bhopal gas tragedy, it marked a decisive shift in the country’s approach towards environmental protection, moving beyond fragmented sectoral … Read more