Notes and Study material for Exams
Tissue Culture methods and applications Tissue culture refers to a method in which fragments of a tissue (plant or animal tissue) are introduced into a new, artificial Environment, where they continue to function or grow. While fragments of a tissue are often used, it is important to note that entire organs are also used for … Read more
Traditional methods of vaccine production The first human Vaccines against viruses were based using weaker or attenuated viruses to generate immunity. The smallpox vaccine used cowpox, a poxvirus that was similar enough to smallpox to protect against it but usually didn’t cause serious illness. Rabies was the first virus attenuated in a lab to create … Read more
Biotechnology is defined as the industrial application of living organisms and their biological processes such as biochemistry, Microbiology, and Genetic engineering, in order to make best use of the Microorganisms for the benefit of mankind. Modern biotechnology provides breakthrough products and technologies to combat debilitating and rare diseases, reduce our environmental footprint, feed the hungry, … Read more
What is a Bioreactor? A bioreactor is a vessel in which a biological reaction takes place. The reaction can be aerobic or anaerobic, and it can be used to produce a variety of products, including pharmaceuticals, biofuels, and chemicals. Bioreactors are used in a variety of industries, including the pharmaceutical, chemical, and food industries. They … Read more
DNA: STRUCTURE DNA, or deoxyribonucleic acid, is the hereditary material in humans and almost all other organisms. Nearly every cell in a person’s body has the same DNA. Most DNA is located in the cell nucleus (where it is called nuclear DNA), but a small amount of DNA can also be found in the … Read more
MOLECULAR BASIS OF DIFFERENTIATION Whenever Growth occurs, increase in mass, weight etc. takes place. Number of cells increases due to cell division. Sometimes, cells grow in size and they do not divide and lead to growth. The simple multiplication of cells would produce masses of cells but not an organism. Knowledge of developmental processes as … Read more
Stem Cell Research Stem cells are undifferentiated, or “blank,” cells. This means they’re capable of developing into cells that serve numerous functions in different parts of the body. Most cells in the body are differentiated cells. These cells can only serve a specific purpose in a particular organ. For example, red blood cells … Read more
The living world Objects having characteristics of cellular organization, Growth, Reproduction, ability to sense Environment and give response are living organisms. There are some important features of living organisms: It should grow, which means its structure changes as time goes by in an advantageous manner. It should show adaptation to the environment. It should maintain … Read more
Introduction And Application Of Genetic Engineering Genetic engineering Genetic engineering, the artificial manipulation, modification, and recombination of DNA or other nucleic acid Molecules in order to modify an organism or Population of organisms. The term genetic engineering initially referred to various techniques used for the modification or manipulation of organisms through the processes of heredity … Read more
Tissue culture Tissue culture, a method of biological research in which fragments of tissue from an animal or plant are transferred to an artificial Environment in which they can continue to survive and function. The cultured tissue may consist of a single cell, a Population of cells, or a whole or part of … Read more