Notes and Study material for Exams
Tax Expenditures: Hidden Subsidies in Plain Sight Tax expenditures, often referred to as “tax breaks” or “tax loopholes,” are provisions in the tax code that reduce tax liability for specific individuals, businesses, or industries. They deviate from the standard tax system by offering preferential treatment, effectively providing a subsidy through the tax system. While seemingly … Read more
The Fiscal Responsibility and Budget Management Act (FRBM) of India: A Journey Towards Fiscal Prudence The Fiscal Responsibility and Budget Management Act (FRBM) of 2003 was a landmark legislation in India’s fiscal history. It aimed to establish a framework for responsible fiscal management, aiming to reduce the fiscal deficit, stabilize the public debt, and promote … Read more
The Art of Revenue Budgeting: A Comprehensive Guide Revenue budgeting is the cornerstone of any successful business. It’s the process of forecasting and planning how much income a company expects to generate over a specific period. A well-crafted revenue budget serves as a roadmap, guiding strategic decisions and ensuring financial stability. This article delves into … Read more
The Fiscal System: A Foundation for Economic Stability and Growth The fiscal system, encompassing government revenue collection and expenditure, plays a crucial role in shaping the economic landscape of a nation. It acts as a powerful tool for achieving macroeconomic stability, promoting economic growth, and addressing social inequalities. This article delves into the intricacies of … Read more
The Many Faces of Money: A Journey Through History, Economics, and Society Money, a seemingly simple concept, is a complex and multifaceted phenomenon that has shaped human civilization for millennia. From its humble beginnings as a medium of exchange to its role in global finance, money has evolved alongside human society, reflecting our changing needs, … Read more
The expenditure method is a way of measuring GDP that focuses on the spending of money. It is one of the two main methods of measuring GDP, the other being the income method. The expenditure method measures GDP by adding up the following categories of spending: Consumption spending: This is the spending of households on … Read more
The Interim Budget: A Bridge to the General Budget The Interim Budget, presented by the Finance Minister in the Indian Parliament, serves as a crucial bridge between the regular annual budget and the upcoming general elections. It is a temporary financial blueprint that outlines the government’s spending plans for the remaining period of the fiscal … Read more
Charged Expenditure: Understanding the Dynamics of Public Spending Charged expenditure, a significant component of public finance, refers to government spending that is not subject to the annual budgetary process. Unlike voted expenditure, which requires parliamentary approval each year, charged expenditure is automatically allocated based on pre-existing legislation or contractual obligations. This article delves into the … Read more
Navigating the Labyrinth: A Comprehensive Guide to Financial Bills Financial bills are the lifeblood of any economy, shaping the landscape of investment, spending, and economic growth. From regulating financial institutions to managing public debt, these bills play a crucial role in shaping the financial well-being of individuals, businesses, and nations. This comprehensive guide delves into … Read more
The Shifting Sands of Tax Revenue: A Global Perspective on Distribution and Trends The collection and distribution of tax revenue is a fundamental pillar of any modern economy. It fuels public services, infrastructure development, and social welfare programs, ultimately shaping the lives of citizens. Understanding the distribution of tax revenues across different sectors and regions … Read more