Notes and Study material for Exams
The Evolution of the Judicial System in India Before 1857: A Journey Through Time The judicial system of India, a complex tapestry woven from diverse strands of history and tradition, has evolved over centuries. Before the advent of British rule in the 18th century, the legal landscape was characterized by a unique blend of customary … Read more
Development Of Railway:- The romance of train travel in India is legendary, but the task of constructing the railways in the first place was daunting. There were huge problems in dealing with such a vast and inhospitable country. The idea of introducing railways to India had been mooted as early as the 1830s. In May … Read more
Coolie- Begar Movement The Coolie-Begar movement was a non-violent movement by the general public of Kumaun in the Bageshwar town of United Provinces in 1921. This movement was led by Badri Datt Pandey, who was awarded the title of ‘Kumaon Kesari’ after the success of this movement. The aim of this movement was … Read more
Urban Indian economy after 1858 During this period, the Indian economy essentially remained stagnant, growing at the same rate (1.2%) as the Population. India also experienced deindustrialization during this period. Compared to the Mughal era, India during the British colonial era had a lower per-capita income, a large decline in the Secondary Sector, … Read more
The Shifting Sands of British Rule: A Look at Different Policies in India The British East India Company’s arrival in India in the 17th century marked the beginning of a long and complex chapter in Indian history. Over the next two centuries, the Company’s influence grew, culminating in the establishment of British rule in 1857. … Read more
Lord William Bentick (1828-1835) Introduction Lord William Bentinck assumed the office of the Governor- General in 1828. Born in 1774 he commenced his career as a soldier and later at the young age of twenty two he became a Member of Parliament. He was appointed the Governor of Madras in 1803. He supported Sir Thomas … Read more
Provincial LC enlarged. More elected members Dyarchy Some subjects were reserved and remained under the direct control of the Governor; others such as Education, public Health and local self-government were called transferred subjects and were to be controlled by the ministers responsible to the legislature. At the centre, there were two houses of legislature. Response … Read more
The Abolition of the Intermediaries: A Revolution in Land Ownership and Social Justice The Zamindari system, a legacy of British colonial rule in India, was a complex and exploitative land tenure system that dominated the agrarian landscape for centuries. It created a class of absentee landlords, known as Zamindars, who held vast tracts of land … Read more
The Indian Councils Act of 1919: A Step Towards Self-Governance or a Mere Gesture? The Indian Councils Act of 1919, also known as the Montagu-Chelmsford Reforms, marked a significant turning point in the history of British India. It was a landmark piece of legislation that aimed to introduce limited self-governance and expand Indian participation in … Read more
In May 1945, Lord Wavell, the Viceroy of India, went to London and discussed his ideas about the future of India with the British administration. The talks resulted in the formulation of a plan of action that was made public in June 1945. The plan is known as Wavell Plan. The Plan suggested reconstitution of … Read more