Notes and Study material for Exams
Microorganisms Microscopic organisms, commonly known as microorganisms or microbes, are found all around us and even inside our bodies. The category ‘Microbes’ includes a massive range of organisms including bacteria, Fungi, viruses, algae, archaea and protozoa. Some of these, such as bacteria and fungi, are well known, but others such as archaea much less so. … Read more
The Unsung Heroes of Life: Exploring the World of Nitrogen Fixers Nitrogen, the most abundant element in the Earth’s atmosphere, is a vital component of life. It forms the backbone of proteins, nucleic acids, and chlorophyll, essential molecules for all living organisms. However, atmospheric nitrogen exists in a form that is inaccessible to most organisms. … Read more
Microorganisms Microscopic organisms, commonly known as microorganisms or microbes, are found all around us and even inside our bodies. The category ‘Microbes’ includes a massive range of organisms including bacteria, Fungi, viruses, algae, archaea and protozoa. Some of these, such as bacteria and fungi, are well known, but others such as archaea much less so. … Read more
The Nitrogen Cycle: A Vital Dance of Life and Death The nitrogen cycle is a fundamental process that sustains life on Earth. It describes the continuous movement of nitrogen, a crucial element for all living organisms, through various reservoirs in the environment. This intricate dance of transformation involves a complex interplay of physical, chemical, and … Read more
Fermentation Fermentation, chemical process by which Molecules such as glucose are broken down anaerobically. More broadly, fermentation is the foaming that occurs during the manufacture of wine and beer, a process at least 10,000 years old. The frothing results from the evolution of carbon dioxide gas, though this was not recognized until the 17th century. … Read more
Diseases – Communicable diseases, Endemic diseases Top 10 Causes of Death (Source: WHO World Health Statistics 2012) Ischemic heart disease 12 % Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease 11% Stroke 9% Diarrheal disease 6% Lower respiratory infections 5% Preterm birth complications 4% Tuberculosis 3% Self-inflicted injuries 3% Falls 3% Road injuries 2% Communicable diseases Communicable … Read more
Microorganisms Microscopic organisms, commonly known as microorganisms or microbes, are found all around us and even inside our bodies. The category ‘Microbes’ includes a massive range of organisms including bacteria, Fungi, viruses, algae, archaea and protozoa. Some of these, such as bacteria and fungi, are well known, but others such as archaea much … Read more
Disease and decay are not inherent properties of organic objects, nor are they caused by physical damage, it is Microorganisms that bring about these changes. We are surrounded by bacteria, virus, and Fungi. Many cause diseases in cattle and crops and others are known for entering human bodies and causing various diseases. Examples of familiar … Read more
Each organism is different from other organisms. The total number of species living on the planet is imprecisely known and published estimates vary from 12 million to over 100 million. This is because there are large numbers of species yet undiscovered and undescribed, and there is not always agreement on whether certain organisms should … Read more
Disease and decay are not inherent properties of organic objects, nor are they caused by physical damage, it is Microorganisms that bring about these changes. We are surrounded by bacteria, virus, and Fungi. Many cause diseases in cattle and crops and others are known for entering human bodies and causing various diseases. Examples of familiar … Read more