Notes and Study material for Exams
Archaeological Surevy of india History Organisation Functions Monuments and archaeological sites under ASI’s care Publications The Archaeological Survey of India: Preserving India’s Past History: The ASI’s roots can be traced back to the 18th century with the Asiatic Society’s antiquarian efforts. In 1861, Alexander Cunningham became the first Archaeological Surveyor, laying … Read more
Concept of civilization A civilization is a complex human Society, usually made up of different cities, with certain characteristics of cultural and technological development. In many parts of the world, early civilizations formed when people began coming together in urban settlements. However, defining what civilization is, and what societies fall under that designation, is a … Read more
THEORIES OF EVOLUTION Evolution, simply put, is descent with modification. This definition encompasses small-scale evolution (changes in gene frequency in a Population from one generation to the next) and large-scale evolution (the descent of different species from a common ancestor over many generations). Evolution helps us to understand the history of life. Evolution is not … Read more
Unraveling the Administrative System of the Chera Dynasty: A Glimpse into Ancient South Indian Governance The Chera Dynasty, one of the three major powers in ancient South India alongside the Cholas and Pandyas, ruled over a vast territory encompassing present-day Kerala, parts of Tamil Nadu, and possibly even Sri Lanka. While their military prowess and … Read more
The Aryans came to India in several waves. The earliest wave is represented by the Rig Vedic people who appeared in the subcontinent in about 1500 BC. They came into conflict with the indigenous inhabitants called the Dravidians mentioned as Dasa or Dasyus in Rig Veda. The Rig Veda mentions the defeat of Sambara … Read more
Central Government The executive powers of the President are exercised by the Council of Ministers. The Constitution provides that “there shall be a Council of Ministers with the Prime Minister at the head to aid and advise the President in the excercise of his functions”. Here the word “shall” indicates that the President cannot function … Read more
Unveiling Ropar: A Glimpse into an Ancient Settlement Ropar, a small town nestled in the state of Punjab, India, holds within its soil the echoes of a rich and vibrant past. More than just a modern-day town, Ropar is an archaeological treasure trove, harboring the remnants of an ancient civilization that thrived for centuries. This … Read more
Ancient Mounds: Echoes of the Past, Whispers of the Future Across the globe, from the rolling hills of Europe to the vast plains of North America, rise enigmatic earthen structures known as ancient mounds. These monumental earthworks, built by civilizations long gone, stand as silent testaments to the ingenuity, artistry, and cultural complexity of our … Read more
Deciphering the Past: Temple Wall Inscriptions as Historical Chronicles Temple walls, often adorned with intricate carvings and vibrant murals, are more than just aesthetic embellishments. They serve as silent witnesses to the past, bearing inscriptions that offer invaluable insights into the lives, beliefs, and practices of ancient civilizations. These inscriptions, etched onto stone, brick, or … Read more
Unraveling the Enigma of Parmal: Exploring an Ancient Enclave The world is a tapestry woven with threads of history, each strand representing a civilization, a culture, a story waiting to be unraveled. Among these threads, some remain stubbornly hidden, their secrets locked away in the annals of time. One such thread, shrouded in mystery and … Read more