<<–2/”>a >a href=”https://exam.pscnotes.com/the-solar-system-2/”>The Solar System consists of the Sun and its eight main planets, their satellites, asteroids, comets, meteors and other dwarf planets. The Sun is at the one of the two “centers” of The Solar System and the planets revolving around it in elliptical orbits.
The sun is in the centre of the solar system. It is huge and made up of extremely hot gases. It provides the pulling force that binds the solar system. The sun is the ultimate source of heat and Light for the solar system. The sun is about 150 million km away from the earth.The Sun is made up of 73% hydrogen and 25% helium. It also has trace amounts of Oxygen, carbon, iron and other Elements. It is about 4.6 billion years old and will continue to shine for another 5 billion years. After that it will grow into a Red Giant and then finally end its life as a white dwarf.
Earth and the moon, sun, and planets have predictable patterns of movement. These patterns, which are explainable by gravitational forces and conservation laws, in turn explain many large-scale phenomena observed on Earth. Planetary motions around the sun can be predicted using Kepler’s three empirical laws, which can be explained based on Newton’s theory of gravity. These orbits may also change somewhat due to the gravitational effects from, or collisions with, other bodies. Gradual changes in the shape of Earth’s orbit around the sun (over hundreds of thousands of years), together with the tilt of the planet’s spin axis (or axis of rotation), have altered the intensity and distribution of sunlight falling on Earth. These phenomena cause cycles of Climate change, including the relatively recent cycles of ice ages.
The orbits of planets and of their moons, of asteroids and of comets are governed by the Gravitational Force and described by the three Kepler’s laws.Kepler formulated three laws which govern the motion of planets. These are:
1. The orbit of a planet is an ellipse with the Sun at one of the foci
2. The area swept by the line joining the planet to the sun in unit time is constant through out the orbit
3. The square of the period of revolution of a planet around the sun is proportional to the cube of its Average distance from the Sun. If we denote the period by T and the average distance from the Sun as r, T2 ? r3 .
The Earth orbits around the Sun and Moon around the earth, so when the Earth comes between Moon and the Sun then Moon passes through the Earth’s shadow, it is called a Lunar Eclipse. As most of us know that Moon is not self illuminated but it reflects Sunlight falling on it. During Lunar Eclipse light coming from the Sun is blocked by the Earth, and directly it does not reach up the Moon so, moon’s brightness, reduced very much. Moon’s brightness is not totally vanished because, some indirect light from earth’s Atmosphere reaches up to the Moon so it remains visible up to some extent
In a partial lunar eclipse, part of the Moon is within the Earth’s umbral shadow. From the Earth, we see the Moon partially in shadow, almost as if it wasn’t full. In the later stages of a partial eclipse, as the Moon darkens, red coloration may become visible on the shadowed side of the Moon. A total lunar eclipse is when the Moon is completely shadowed by the Earth. The Moon passes through the Earth’s umbra, and no direct light can reach it from the Sun.
A Solar Eclipse occurs when the moon passes in a direct line between the Earth and the sun. The moon’s shadow travels over the Earth’s surface and blocks out the sun’s light as seen from Earth.
Different types of solar eclipses
• A total eclipse occurs when the dark silhouette of the Moon completely obscures the intensely bright light of the Sun, allowing the much fainter solar corona to be visible.
• An annular eclipse occurs when the Sun and Moon are exactly in line, but the apparent size of the Moon is smaller than that of the Sun. Hence the Sun appears as a very bright ring surrounding the dark disk of the Moon.
• A hybrid eclipse shifts between a total and annular eclipse. At certain points on the surface of Earth it appears as a total eclipse, whereas at other points it appears as annular. Hybrid eclipses are comparatively rare.
• A partial eclipse occurs when the Sun and Moon are not exactly in line and the Moon only partially obscures the Sun.,
The solar system is a vast and complex system of planets, moons, asteroids, comets, and other objects that orbit the Sun. The Sun is a star, which is a giant ball of hot gas. The planets are much smaller than the Sun, and they orbit the Sun in a nearly circular path. The planets are divided into two groups: the inner planets and the outer planets. The inner planets are Mercury, Venus, Earth, and Mars. The outer planets are Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune.
Mercury is the closest planet to the Sun. It is a small, rocky planet with no atmosphere. Venus is the second planet from the Sun. It is a larger planet than Mercury, and it has a thick atmosphere of carbon dioxide. Earth is the third planet from the Sun. It is the only planet in the solar system that is known to support life. Mars is the fourth planet from the Sun. It is a smaller planet than Earth, and it has a thin atmosphere of carbon dioxide.
Jupiter is the fifth planet from the Sun. It is the largest planet in the solar system, and it is a gas giant. Saturn is the sixth planet from the Sun. It is the second largest planet in the solar system, and it is also a gas giant. Uranus is the seventh planet from the Sun. It is an ice giant, and it has a very unusual orbit. Neptune is the eighth planet from the Sun. It is also an ice giant, and it is the farthest planet from the Sun.
The dwarf planets are Ceres, Pluto, Eris, Makemake, and Haumea. Ceres is the largest dwarf planet, and it is located in the asteroid belt between Mars and Jupiter. Pluto was originally classified as a planet, but it was reclassified as a dwarf planet in 2006. Eris is a dwarf planet that is located beyond Neptune. Makemake is a dwarf planet that is also located beyond Neptune. Haumea is a dwarf planet that has a very unusual shape.
Asteroids are small, rocky objects that orbit the Sun. They are much smaller than the planets, and they can be found in the asteroid belt between Mars and Jupiter. Comets are small, icy objects that orbit the Sun. They have a long, thin tail that is made up of gas and dust. Meteoroids are small pieces of rock or Metal that orbit the Sun. They can enter the Earth’s atmosphere and burn up, creating a meteor shower.
The Earth’s orbit around the Sun is elliptical, which means that it is not a perfect circle. The Earth’s orbit takes 365 days, 5 hours, 48 minutes, and 46 seconds to complete. The Earth’s axis is tilted at an angle of 23.5 degrees, which causes the seasons. The Earth’s rotation on its axis takes 24 hours to complete.
A lunar eclipse occurs when the Moon passes through the Earth’s shadow. A solar eclipse occurs when the Moon passes between the Earth and the Sun. Lunar eclipses can be seen from anywhere on the night side of the Earth, while solar eclipses can only be seen from a narrow path on Earth’s surface.
The solar system is a fascinating and complex place. It is home to a variety of planets, moons, asteroids, comets, and meteoroids. The Earth is a unique planet in the solar system, and it is the only planet that is known to support life.
Solar system
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What is the solar system?
The solar system is a group of eight planets that orbit the Sun. The planets are Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune. -
What are the planets made of?
The planets are made of different materials. Mercury and Venus are made mostly of rock. Earth is made of rock and water. Mars is made of rock and dust. Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune are made mostly of gas. -
What are the moons of the solar system?
The moons are objects that orbit the planets. The planets have a total of 182 moons. The Earth has one moon, the Moon. Jupiter has 79 moons, Saturn has 82 moons, Uranus has 27 moons, and Neptune has 14 moons. -
What are the rings of the solar system?
The rings are made of dust and ice particles that orbit the planets. Saturn has the most famous rings, but Jupiter, Uranus, and Neptune also have rings.
Relative position of Earth with respect to Sun and other planets
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What is the relative position of Earth with respect to the Sun?
The Earth is the third planet from the Sun. It is the only planet in the solar system that is known to support life. -
What is the relative position of Earth with respect to the other planets?
The Earth is located between Venus and Mars. It is the closest planet to the Sun in the inner solar system. -
How does the Earth’s position in the solar system affect its climate?
The Earth’s position in the solar system affects its climate by determining how much sunlight it receives. The Earth receives more sunlight in the summer than in the winter. This causes the Earth’s temperature to vary throughout the year.
Movement of earth and moon in solar system
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What is the movement of the Earth and Moon in the solar system?
The Earth and Moon orbit the Sun together. The Earth takes 365 days to orbit the Sun, and the Moon takes 27.3 days to orbit the Earth. -
How does the movement of the Earth and Moon affect the tides?
The movement of the Earth and Moon causes the tides. The tides are the rise and fall of the sea level. The tides are caused by the gravitational pull of the Moon and the Sun. -
What is the difference between a lunar eclipse and a solar eclipse?
A lunar eclipse occurs when the Moon passes through the Earth’s shadow. A solar eclipse occurs when the Moon passes between the Earth and the Sun.
Lunar and solar eclipses
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What is a lunar eclipse?
A lunar eclipse occurs when the Moon passes through the Earth’s shadow. The Earth’s shadow is divided into two parts: the umbra and the penumbra. The umbra is the darkest part of the shadow, and the penumbra is the lighter part of the shadow. If the Moon passes through the umbra, it will be completely eclipsed. If the Moon passes through the penumbra, it will be partially eclipsed. -
What is a solar eclipse?
A solar eclipse occurs when the Moon passes between the Earth and the Sun. The Moon is much smaller than the Sun, but it appears to be the same size because it is much closer to the Earth. When the Moon passes between the Earth and the Sun, it blocks out the Sun’s light. This causes a solar eclipse. -
How often do lunar and solar eclipses occur?
Lunar eclipses occur about twice a year. Solar eclipses occur about once every two years.
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Which of the following is not a planet in our solar system?
(A) Earth
(B) Mars
(C) Jupiter
(D) Pluto -
The Earth rotates on its axis once every
(A) 24 hours
(B) 365 days
(C) 60 minutes
(D) 12 hours -
The Moon orbits the Earth once every
(A) 24 hours
(B) 365 days
(C) 27.3 days
(D) 12 hours -
A lunar eclipse occurs when the Earth passes between the Sun and the Moon.
(A) True
(B) False -
A solar eclipse occurs when the Moon passes between the Sun and the Earth.
(A) True
(B) False -
The Earth is the third planet from the Sun.
(A) True
(B) False -
The Sun is a star.
(A) True
(B) False -
The Earth is the only planet in our solar system that has life.
(A) True
(B) False -
The Earth is a sphere.
(A) True
(B) False -
The Earth’s atmosphere is made up of nitrogen, oxygen, and argon.
(A) True
(B) False