Social Justice and Inclusive Growth

<<–2/”>a >a href=”https://exam.pscnotes.com/inclusive-Growth-3/”>Inclusive Growth is economic growth that creates opportunity for all segments of the Population and distributes the dividends of increased prosperity, both in monetary and non-monetary terms, fairly across Society.Indian Plans after the independence were based on the downward infiltration theory, which failed to bring equitable growth to all the sections of the Indian Society.

Approach paper of 11th five year plan talked about “Inclusive and more faster growth” through bridging divides by including those in growth process who were excluded. Divide between above and Below POVERTY Line, between those with productive jobs and those who are unemployed or grossly unemployed is at alarming stage.

Liberalization-2/”>Liberalization and Privatization after 1990’s have brought the nation out of the hindu growth rate syndrome but the share of growth has not been equitably distributed amongst different sections of Indian Society.

Various dimensions of Inclusive growth are:-

economic
social
financial
environmental

Important issues that are needed to be addressed to achieve the inclusive growth are:-

Poverty
Unemployment
Rural Infrastructure-2/”>INFRASTRUCTURE
Financial Inclusion
Balanced regional development
Equality/”>Gender Equality
Human resource development (Health, Education, Skill development)
Basic Human Resources like sanitation, drinking water, housing etc.

Government has launched several programs and policies for Inclusive growth such as:-

MNREGA
Jan Dhan Yojna
Atal Pension Yojna
Skill India Mission
Deen Dayal Upadhyaya Gram Jyoti Yojana
Pradhan Mantri Suraksha Bima Yojana
Pradhan Mantri Jeevan Jyoti Bima Yojana
Sukanya Samridhi Yojana
Pradhan Mantri Garib Kalyan Yojana
Jan Aushadhi Yojana (JAY)
Nai Manzil Scheme for minority students
The Pradhan Mantri Awas Yojana (PMAY) or Housing for all by 2022

In the contemporary context, social Justice is typically taken to mean distributive justice. The terms are generally understood to be synonymous and interchangeable in both common parlance and the language of international relations. To support the concept of social justice is to argue for a reconciliation of these priorities within the context of a broader social perspective in which individuals endowed with rights and freedoms operate within the framework of the duties and responsibilities attached to living in society. Notwithstanding the implied associations between social justice, redistributive justice, and justice as a more general concept, the fact is that the explicit commitment to social justice has seriously deteriorated.

The main inequalities are

Inequalities in the distribution of income.
Inequalities in the distribution of assets, including not only capital but also physical assets such as land and buildings.
Inequalities in the distribution of opportunities for work and remunerated EMPLOYMENT.
Inequalities in the distribution of access to knowledge.
Inequalities in the distribution of health Services, social security and the provision of a safe Environment.
Inequalities in the distribution of opportunities for civic and political participation

Governments have enabled various social legislation’s for bridging the gap of inequality and establishing social justice through social legislation’s.

Concept Of Social Legislation

Legislation is an instrument to control, guide and restrain the behaviour of individuals and groups living in society. Individuals and groups left in absolute freedom may clash with each other in the pursuit of their self interest at the cost of others.They cause grave harm to society leading to chaos. Legislation is one of the many institutions which controls and directs individual action into desirable channels.
Others being social customs, traditions, religious prescription etc. Law is a vast subject having many branches. In a broad sense, all laws are social in character, in a narrow sense only those laws that are enacted for the purpose of social welfare are categorized as social legislation. There are several types of legislations such as Taxation, corporate, civil, criminal, commercial etc.
Social legislation is that branch of law which is an aggregate of the laws relating to the various socio- economic condition of the people. It is a social institution that embodies the social norms created on the initiative of a competent legislative agency. These laws are enacted keeping in view the needs of the time, the circumstances of the nation and its socio-political ideals.

OBJECTIVES OF SOCIAL LEGISLATION :

Social legislation derives its inspiration from our constitution and has the following specific objectives: i)Removal of discrimination on the grounds of sex, religion, caste, class etc. and promotion of equality to all. ii)Safeguard the rights of the weaker section such as Women, children, elderly, widows, destitute and the backward classes. iii)Eradication of traditional malpractices and social evils such as untouchability, dowry, child marriage, female infanticide etc. iv)Provision of social security.

AIM OF SOCIAL LEGISLATION :

To change and reorganize society by improving its social and economic condition. Each individual of the society has to be given equal rights and equal opportunities. § Social legislation aims to address social problems through legislative means, and initiates process of social reform and Social Change based on Sound social rules. § Since the process of social change in fast social legislation also provides desired direction to changes.

NEEDS FOR SOCIAL LEGISLATION :

to ensure social justice, to bring about social reform, § to promote social welfare, § to bring about desired social change, § to protect and promote of rights of socioeconomically disadvantaged groups of the society.

NATURE OF LEGISLATION IN WELFARE STATE:

Women welfare Child welfare § Schedule caste development § Welfare of OBC § Welfare of disable person § Labour Welfare § Housing welfare

Child welfare:

After the formation of legislation, Child Labour act-1986 was come into force. According to which no child below the age of 14 years should work in any hazardous place. In July 2006, the Indian Govt. brought an amendment according to which, “no child below the age of 14 should work in any hazardous place or in dhaba, hotels as servant or work as a domestic servant. The Juvenile Justice Act, 2001 said that if a child below the age of 14 saw any deviant behavior shouldn’t be punished & treat friendly behavior in adjudication.

Women welfare:

The total workforce in our country is about 314 million, out of which women constitute 90 million & man 224 million. To maintain the dignity of women, equality of sexes & establishment of special justice, women welfare programmes such as Janani Suraksha Yojana, MCH, Maternity Benefit Leave, ICDS, formation of SHG, micro finance are some of the keys which has provided welfare majors to the women.

Schedule Caste development:

The Ministry of social justice & Empowerment is the nodal ministry that overseas the interest of the schedule caste. Besides this the national commission has been set-up to look-after the interest of SCs & STs under ARTICLE 338. To achieve their social development to protect them from exploitation, The Protection Of Civil Rights Act, 1995, the SC & ST Act 1989 were enacted. Article 330 for reservation of SC & ST, Article 15 for abolition of untouchablity is ensured by the legislation.

Welfare of disable person:

The Comprehensive Law namely the equal opportunity, protection of rights & full participation act-1995 has been enacted & enforced in February 1996. The Mental Health Act 1987 & Lapers Act 1898 are working for the prevention & promotional aspects of the disable persons.

Labour welfare:

The International Labour Organization (ILO) was set-up in 1919, as a part of the League of Nations for the promotion of Universal Peace through social justice. The study group of ‘National Commission’ on Labour on 2002 has brought out the new changes and welfare majors for women, children & self employed workers who work as labourer.

THE CONTRACT LABOUR (REGULATIONAND ABOLITION)ACT, 1970:

The Objective of the Contract Labour Regulation and Abolition) Act, 1970 is to prevent exploitation of contract labour and also to introduce better conditions of work. A workman is deemed to be employed as Contract Labour when he is hired in connection with the work of an establishment by or through a Contractor.

EMPLOYEES’ STATE INSURANCE ACT, 1948 :

The promulgation of Employees’ State Insurance Act, 1948 envisaged an integrated need based social insurance scheme that would protect the interest of workers in contingencies such as sickness, maternity, temporary or permanent physical disablement, and death due to employment injury resulting in loss of wages or earning capacity. The Act also guarantees reasonably good medical care to workers and their immediate dependants.

EQUAL REMUNERATIONACT, 1976 :

The Equal Remuneration Act, 1976 aims to provide for the payment of equal remuneration to men and women workers and for the prevention of discrimination, on the ground of sex, against women in the matter of employment and for matters connected therewith or incidental thereto.

MATERNITYBENEFIT (AMENDMENT)ACT, 2017 :

The Ministry of Labour and Employment, Government of India (“Ministry of Labour”) vide Official Gazette notification dated 31 March 2017 has appointed 1 April 2017 as the date on which the Maternity Benefit (Amendment) Act 2017 (“MB Amendment Act”) has come into force. However, the relevant provision on the “work from home” option will come into effect from 1 July 2017.

Social justice and inclusive growth are two of the most important issues facing the world today. Social justice is the fair and just treatment of all people, regardless of their race, religion, gender, sexual orientation, or any other characteristic. Inclusive growth is economic growth that benefits everyone, not just the wealthy few.

There are many challenges to achieving social justice and inclusive growth. One of the biggest challenges is poverty. Millions of people around the world live in poverty, and they lack access to basic necessities like food, water, and shelter. Another challenge is inequality. The gap between the rich and the poor is growing wider in many countries, and this inequality can lead to social unrest and instability.

Despite these challenges, there are many things that can be done to promote social justice and inclusive growth. One important step is to invest in education and employment. When people have access to quality education and good jobs, they are more likely to be able to lift themselves out of poverty. Another important step is to promote gender equality. When women have equal rights and opportunities, they can contribute more to their families and communities.

Technology can also play a role in promoting social justice and inclusive growth. For example, mobile phones can be used to provide access to education and healthcare in remote areas. And online platforms can be used to connect people with jobs and opportunities.

Ultimately, social justice and inclusive growth are about creating a world where everyone has the opportunity to reach their full potential. It is a complex challenge, but it is one that is worth pursuing.

Here are some specific examples of how social justice and inclusive growth can be achieved:

Investing in education and employment: One of the most effective ways to promote social justice and inclusive growth is to invest in education and employment. When people have access to quality education and good jobs, they are more likely to be able to lift themselves out of poverty. They are also more likely to be healthy and well-functioning members of society.
Promoting gender equality: Gender equality is another important factor in promoting social justice and inclusive growth. When women have equal rights and opportunities, they can contribute more to their families and communities. They are also more likely to be healthy and well-educated.
Using technology: Technology can also play a role in promoting social justice and inclusive growth. For example, mobile phones can be used to provide access to education and healthcare in remote areas. And online platforms can be used to connect people with jobs and opportunities.
Building strong institutions: Strong institutions are essential for promoting social justice and inclusive growth. These institutions should be fair and impartial, and they should be able to provide essential services to all citizens.
Promoting Good Governance: Good governance is another important factor in promoting social justice and inclusive growth. This means ensuring that governments are accountable to their citizens and that they are transparent in their decision-making.
Protecting the environment: Protecting the environment is also important for promoting social justice and inclusive growth. When the environment is healthy, it can provide people with the resources they need to live healthy and productive lives.
Promoting peace and security: Peace and security are essential for promoting social justice and inclusive growth. When people feel safe and secure, they are more likely to be able to focus on their education, their jobs, and their families.

These are just some of the ways that social justice and inclusive growth can be achieved. It is a complex challenge, but it is one that is worth pursuing.

What is social justice?

Social justice is the fair and equal treatment of all people, regardless of their race, religion, gender, sexual orientation, or any other personal characteristic. It is the belief that everyone deserves to have the same opportunities in life, and that no one should be discriminated against because of who they are.

What is inclusive growth?

Inclusive growth is economic growth that benefits everyone in society, not just the wealthy few. It is about creating an economy that works for everyone, regardless of their background or circumstances.

What are the benefits of social justice and inclusive growth?

There are many benefits to social justice and inclusive growth. These include:

Increased economic prosperity: When everyone has the opportunity to participate in the economy, it leads to more innovation and productivity.
Reduced poverty and inequality: Social justice and inclusive growth can help to reduce poverty and inequality by providing everyone with the opportunity to succeed.
Stronger communities: When people feel like they are part of a just and inclusive society, they are more likely to be engaged in their communities and to work together to solve problems.
A more stable and peaceful world: Social justice and inclusive growth can help to create a more stable and peaceful world by reducing conflict and instability.

What are some challenges to social justice and inclusive growth?

There are a number of challenges to social justice and inclusive growth. These include:

Discrimination: Discrimination based on race, religion, gender, sexual orientation, or other personal characteristics can prevent people from participating fully in society and achieving their full potential.
Poverty: Poverty can prevent people from accessing education, healthcare, and other essential services, and can limit their opportunities for employment and advancement.
Inequality: Inequality can lead to social unrest and conflict, and can make it difficult for people to achieve their full potential.
Lack of opportunity: Lack of opportunity can prevent people from accessing education, training, and employment, and can limit their ability to improve their lives.

What can be done to promote social justice and inclusive growth?

There are a number of things that can be done to promote social justice and inclusive growth. These include:

Investing in education and training: Providing everyone with access to quality education and training can help them to develop the skills they need to succeed in the economy.
Creating jobs: Creating good-paying jobs that offer opportunities for advancement can help to reduce poverty and inequality.
Promoting fair trade: Fair trade practices can help to ensure that workers in developing countries are paid a fair wage and have safe working conditions.
Addressing discrimination: Addressing discrimination based on race, religion, gender, sexual orientation, or other personal characteristics can help to ensure that everyone has the opportunity to participate fully in society.
Reducing poverty: Reducing poverty can help to improve people’s health, education, and opportunities for employment.
Promoting equality: Promoting equality can help to create a more just and equitable society.
Providing opportunities: Providing everyone with the opportunity to succeed can help to create a more prosperous and stable society.

Here are some MCQs on the topics of poverty, inequality, and development:

Which of the following is not a goal of the Sustainable Development Goals?
(A) Eradicating poverty in all its forms everywhere
(B) Reducing inequality within and among countries
(C) Promoting peaceful and inclusive societies for sustainable development, providing access to justice for all and building effective, accountable and inclusive institutions at all levels
(D) Achieving gender equality and empowering all women and girls
Which of the following is not a factor that contributes to poverty?
(A) Low levels of education
(B) Lack of access to healthcare
(C) Unemployment
(D) High levels of income inequality
Which of the following is not a policy that can help to reduce poverty?
(A) Investing in education and healthcare
(B) Creating jobs
(C) Providing social safety nets
(D) Increasing taxes on the wealthy
Which of the following is not a measure of inequality?
(A) The Gini coefficient
(B) The poverty rate
(C) The Human Development index
(D) The income share of the top 1%
Which of the following is not a factor that contributes to inequality?
(A) Discrimination
(B) Corruption
(C) Unequal access to opportunities
(D) Economic shocks
Which of the following is not a policy that can help to reduce inequality?
(A) Investing in education and healthcare
(B) Creating jobs
(C) Providing social safety nets
(D) Increasing taxes on the wealthy
Which of the following is not a goal of development?
(A) Reducing poverty
(B) Increasing economic growth
(C) Improving human development
(D) Protecting the environment
Which of the following is not a factor that contributes to underdevelopment?
(A) Low levels of education
(B) Lack of access to healthcare
(C) Political instability
(D) Natural disasters
Which of the following is not a policy that can help to promote development?
(A) Investing in education and healthcare
(B) Creating jobs
(C) Providing social safety nets
(D) Increasing taxes on the wealthy
Which of the following is not a sustainable development goal?
(A) Eradicating poverty in all its forms everywhere
(B) Reducing inequality within and among countries
(C) Promoting peaceful and inclusive societies for sustainable development, providing access to justice for all and building effective, accountable and inclusive institutions at all levels
(D) Achieving gender equality and empowering all women and girls

I hope these questions are helpful. Please let me know if you have any other questions.