Science and Technology-developments and applications in everyday life and in National Security

&<–2/”>a >nbsp;

Professor Freeman J. Dyson, of Institute of Advanced Studies, Princeton, in his book “Infinite in all Directions,” had this to say about Technology: “Technology is a gift of God. After the gift of Life, it is perhaps the greatest of God’s gifts. It is the mother of civilization, of Arts and of Sciences. Technology continues to grow to liberate mankind from the constraints of the past. The most revolutionary aspect of technology is its mobility. Anybody can learn it. It jumps easily over barriers of race and language. And its mobility is still increasing.”

Developments in science and technology are fundamentally altering the way people live, connect, communicate and transact, with profound effects on Economic Development.
To promote tech advance, developing countries should invest in quality Education for youth, and continuous skills training for workers and managers.
Science and technology are key drivers to development, because technological and scientific revolutions underpin economic advances, improvements in Health systems, education and Infrastructure-2/”>INFRASTRUCTURE.
The technological revolutions of the 21st century are emerging from entirely new sectors, based on micro-processors, tele-communications, bio-technology and nano-technology.
Products are transforming business practices across the economy, as well as the lives of all who have access to their effects. The most remarkable breakthroughs will come from the interaction of insights and applications arising when these technologies converge.
Through breakthroughs in health Services and education, these technologies have the power to better the lives of poor people in developing countries. Eradicating malaria, a scourge of the African continent for centuries, is now possible.
Cures for other diseases which are endemic in developing countries are also now possible, allowing people with debilitating conditions to live healthy and productive lives.
Access and application are critical. Service and technology are the differentiators between countries that are able to tackle POVERTY effectively by growing and developing their economies, and those that are not.
The extent to which developing economies emerge as economic powerhouses depends on their ability to grasp and apply insights from science and technology and use them creatively. Innovation is the primary driver of technological Growth and drives higher living standards.
As an engine of growth, the potential of technology is endless, and still largely untapped in Africa and other developing world regions across the globe. Less developed countries not only lack skilled labour and capital, but also use these less efficiently.
Inputs account for less than half of the differences in per capita income across nations. The rest is due to the inability to adopt and adapt technologies to raise productivity.
Computing for example, through unlocking infrastructure backlogs and managing integrated supply chains, can transform economic performance by enabling affordable and accessible services in education and healthcare.
The combination of computers and the Internet, and mobile devices and the “cloud”, has transformed human experience, empowering individuals through access to knowledge and markets, changing the relationship between citizens and those in authority, as well as allowing new communities to emerge in virtual worlds that span the globe

Role of science and technology for future development

The role of science and technology in a future Society/”>Indian Society may be broadly stated as one of meeting felt needs by technological innovation and scientific advancement and of realizing long-term national goals for the next century. These goals fall under the following headings:

To ensure national security and social stability-

For a country like India, conserving energy and oil-substitutable energy is vital. Food technology is similarly important to maintain social stability.
Science and technology are expected to play a vitally important role in ensuring national security and social stability.

To sustain the growth of the national economy and to improve its efficiency

In the past, Technological Progress made only a minor contribution to the growth of NATIONAL INCOME, and this should be changed.
Furthermore, the technological gap with developed countries should be reduced in certain strategically selected areas.

To prepare for a smooth transition to an information society

Societal change to an information society will demand the development of information-related industries centred around micro-electronics, communications, computers, etc.
Moreover, reducing the labour component of production systems through automation technology will require re-education of displaced labour.

To improve the Quality Of Life

Technology in areas of public health such as disease control, medicine and medical electronics needs to be developed.
Another area is the protection of the Environment for better dwelling conditions on the one hand, and for increased productivity of the land on the other.
Development of information technology directly related to daily living, it should be noted, will increase social benefits, and this in turn will help reduce Urbanization.
The preference for urban living will disappear with the development of an information system on a nationwide scale.

To create a new culture suitable for the new society

A conflict between traditional cultural values and progressive contemporary values has existed in Indian society during the recent process of industrialization.
A national consensus should be created for the development of science and technology.
Another far-reaching goal of science and technology is the creation of a new culture for the next century

Long-term goal of S&T development

The long-term goal of science and technology should be in accordance with that of national development.
Because of the limitation in available Resources, priority areas should be established through consideration of, among other things, national needs and comparative advantage.
The role of S&T is to lead national development and to support socio-economic needs.
The priority areas that have been identified are:
Development of electronics, information, and Communication technologies.
Development of selected high technologies to lead the industrial structure adjustment.
Development of key technologies to increase the international competitiveness of existing Korean industries.
Development of technologies related to resources, energy, and food for social and economic stability.
Development of technology in the area of health care, environmental protection, and social information systems to improve the quality of life and social benefits.
Fostering of creative basic research to promote scientific advancement and to expand sources of technological innovation.
These priority areas were identified using the following basic criteria:
- Economic return and growth potential in view of limited development resources.
- Probability of success in view of development capability and experience.
- Indispensability in relation to national security and socio-economic stability.
- Industrial and technological linkage.
- Future contribution in relation to public welfare and new industrial possibilities.

Science and Technology Role in Industrial Development

India is aggressively working towards establishing itself as a leader in industrialisation and technological development.
Significant developments in the Nuclear Energy sector are likely as India looks to expand its nuclear capacity. Moreover, Nanotechnology is expected to transform the Indian pharmaceutical Industry.
The agriculture sector is also likely to undergo a major revamp, with the government investing heavily for the technology-driven Green Revolution.
Government of India, through the Science, Technology and Innovation (STI) Policy-2013, among other things, aspires to position India among the world’s top five scientific powers.
Industrial development encourages the development of science and technology. The industrial enterprises conduct research and develop new products. Ethanol in the form of biofuel is an example of industrial development.
Industry conducts research on its wastes and develops byproducts like biodiesel from Jatropha seeds.
Due to industrialisation, we have made progress in atomic science, satellite communication and missiles etc

Government Initiatives

A five year technology fund with US$ 4 million yearly Investment, called Israel India Innovation Initiative Fund (I4F), has been launched by India and Israel to boost bilateral ties.
Mr Nitin Gadkari, Minister for Road Transport, Highways and Shipping, Government of India, is planning to introduce biofuel vehicles for road and water transportation on a large scale and has already directed NITI Aayog to conduct a research on methanol-powered vessels like cars and ships developed by China.
The Department of Science and Technology (DST), Government of India has launched a scheme named ‘Visiting Advanced Joint Research Faculty’ (VAJRA), in a bid to bring together the Indian scientists abroad and India-based researchers for conducting joint researches in India.
The Government of India aims to develop India into a global innovation hub by 2020 on the back of effective government measures taken to provide an enabling environment for growing research and development in India, says Mr Y. S. Chowdary, Minister of State for Science and Technology & Earth Sciences, Government of India.

Developments/Investments:

With support from the government, considerable investment and development has incurred in different sectors such as agriculture, healthcare, space research, and nuclear power through scientific research.
For instance, India is gradually becoming self-reliant in nuclear technology.
Recently, the Kudankulam Nuclear Power Project Unit-1 (KKNPP 1) with 1,000 MW capacity was commissioned, while the Kudankulam Nuclear Power Project Unit-2 (KKNPP-2) with 1,000 MW capacity is under commissioning.

Role of Science and Technology in Urbanisation

Urbanization is a key environmental issue as well.
The rapid pace at which urbanization is taking place in the developing world has an impact on Climate change and other global environmental issues.
Cities account for more than two-thirds of the global energy demand and result in up to 80 per cent of global greenhouse gas emissions.
The urban planning and investment choices that a few large developing countries will make therefore represent one of the most important environmental issues of the twenty-first century.
Entire new industries are forming with the aim of switching to clean and renewable energies and managing the world’s resources in a more efficient manner, primarily in developed countries but also in the developing world.

Role of science, technology and innovation in the urban context

Science, technology and innovation are key Elements of sustainable urbanization and will play a growing role as such. Their use may not solve all urbanization problems, yet can provide a multitude of solutions that can be leveraged by cities.
The use of science, technology and innovation in the urban context implies the application of both high and low technology and innovative approaches to urban planning and institutional innovation.
Science, technology and innovation approaches are widely available for cities to draw upon, yet cities are complex structures that require integrated responses to their problems and there are sometimes difficulties related to such integration.
Urban systems need to be designed with multiple uses in mind. Science, technology and innovation offer a range of related Options, including high technology, low technology and innovative governance.
Combining science, technology and innovation to solve urban problems is often contextual, although there are several good practices to draw upon from cities across the globe.
Science, technology and innovation contribute to sustainable urbanization in a variety of ways, including with regard to new capabilities in spatial planning, socioeconomic research, and enhancing cooperation between urban departments, optimizing mobility and enabling sustainable resource management.
A science, technology and innovation-oriented mindset also brings about innovative models of thinking in urban governance, such as for participatory BUDGETING and regional urban planning.
Finally, science, technology and innovation contribute to social inclusion by improving the tools available to urban planners to respond to the needs of excluded groups and to increase sensitivity to Equality/”>Gender Equality.
Each urban setting faces different challenges and has different technology needs. In some cases, inexpensive and readily available technologies may be the best solution to urban problems.
For example, intermodal transport services can be designed without necessarily requiring expensive high technology means of transport.
Promoting bicycles, an affordable, healthy, clean and energy-efficient technology, may be the best option to improve mobility in many cities, for both younger and older citizens.
Furthermore, innovation, which in the urban context may refer to any new method, business model, policy, institutional design or regulation, could meet the needs of urban populations in a more efficient, effective and sustainable way.
For instance, improved rules or legislation, as well as improved institutions, stakeholder participation models and new means of delivering services, can contribute to sustainable urbanization.
As a final point, high technology, low technology and urban innovation can also be integrated to address a specific urban issue in harmony

Sustainable urban resource management by Science and Technology

Science, technology and innovation for urban energy conservation
Science, technology and innovation for Waste Management
Science, technology and innovation for resource-efficient buildings
Science, technology and innovation for water and agriculture– Urban farming and market gardening, Water technologies, Phyto-remediation

Science and technology are constantly evolving, and the applications of these fields are becoming increasingly widespread. In everyday life, we are already seeing the impact of technologies such as Artificial Intelligence (AI), blockchain, and drones. These technologies are being used to improve our lives in a variety of ways, from making our homes more energy-efficient to helping us to stay connected with friends and family.

In national security, science and technology are also playing an increasingly important role. Technologies such as cyber security and data science are being used to protect our country from threats both foreign and domestic. And new technologies such as gene editing and nanotechnology are being developed that could have a profound impact on the future of warfare.

As science and technology continue to evolve, it is important to be aware of the potential benefits and risks of these technologies. It is also important to ensure that these technologies are used in a responsible and ethical manner.

Here are some specific examples of how science and technology are being used in everyday life and in national security:

Artificial intelligence (AI) is being used to improve the accuracy of medical diagnoses, to develop self-driving cars, and to create virtual assistants such as Siri and Alexa.
Blockchain is being used to create secure and transparent financial transactions, to track the provenance of goods, and to manage medical records.
Biotechnology is being used to develop new drugs and therapies, to create biofuels, and to improve crop yields.
Cyber security is being used to protect our computers and networks from attack, to prevent identity theft, and to secure critical infrastructure.
Data science is being used to analyze large amounts of data to identify patterns and trends, to make better decisions, and to improve customer service.
Drones are being used to deliver packages, to monitor crops, and to conduct surveillance.
Energy is being used to develop new sources of energy, to improve Energy Efficiency, and to reduce our reliance on fossil fuels.
Environmental science is being used to understand and address Climate Change, to protect our air and water quality, and to conserve our Natural Resources.
Gene editing is being used to develop new treatments for diseases, to improve crop yields, and to create designer babies.
Nanotechnology is being used to develop new materials, to create new drugs and therapies, and to improve the efficiency of solar cells.
Robotics is being used to develop self-driving cars, to perform surgery, and to clean up hazardous waste.
Space exploration is being used to learn more about our Solar System, to search for extraterrestrial life, and to develop new technologies.
Virtual reality (VR) is being used to create immersive experiences for gaming, education, and training.
Wearables are being used to track our fitness, to monitor our health, and to connect us with the internet.

These are just a few examples of the many ways in which science and technology are being used in everyday life and in national security. As these technologies continue to evolve, they will have a profound impact on the way we live, work, and interact with the world around us.

Science and technology are constantly evolving, and their applications in everyday life and national security are becoming increasingly complex. Here are some frequently asked questions about these topics:

What are some of the latest developments in science and technology?

Some of the latest developments in science and technology include artificial intelligence, quantum computing, and gene editing. Artificial intelligence is a field of computer science that focuses on creating intelligent agents, which are systems that can reason, learn, and act autonomously. Quantum computing is a new type of computing that uses the principles of quantum mechanics to perform calculations that are impossible for traditional computers. Gene editing is a technique that allows scientists to make changes to the DNA of an organism.

How are science and technology being used in everyday life?

Science and technology are used in everyday life in a variety of ways. For example, they are used to develop new products, improve existing products, and provide services. Science and technology are also used to solve problems, such as climate change and poverty.

How are science and technology being used in national security?

Science and technology are used in national security to protect the country from threats, such as terrorism and cyber attacks. They are also used to develop new weapons and technologies that can be used to defend the country.

What are some of the challenges associated with the use of science and technology?

Some of the challenges associated with the use of science and technology include the potential for misuse, the impact on privacy, and the ethical implications of certain technologies. For example, artificial intelligence could be used to develop autonomous weapons that could kill without human intervention. Gene editing could be used to create designer babies or to alter the human genome in ways that could have unforeseen consequences.

What are the ethical implications of science and technology?

The ethical implications of science and technology are complex and often controversial. For example, some people believe that it is unethical to create human embryos for research purposes. Others believe that it is unethical to use animals in scientific research. There is no easy answer to these questions, and they must be carefully considered on a case-by-case basis.

What are the future trends in science and technology?

It is difficult to predict the future of science and technology, but some of the trends that are likely to continue include the development of artificial intelligence, quantum computing, and gene editing. These technologies have the potential to revolutionize many aspects of our lives, and it is important to be aware of the potential benefits and risks associated with them.

Which of the following is not a development in science and technology?
(A) The invention of the wheel
(B) The development of the printing press
(C) The discovery of electricity
(D) The invention of the internet
Which of the following is not an application of science and technology in everyday life?
(A) Transportation
(B) Communication
(C) Healthcare
(D) National security
Which of the following is not an application of science and technology in national security?
(A) Surveillance
(B) Cyberwarfare
(C) Weapons development
(D) Space exploration
Which of the following is not a benefit of science and technology?
(A) Increased productivity
(B) Improved healthcare
(C) Increased lifespan
(D) Increased inequality
Which of the following is not a risk of science and technology?
(A) Environmental damage
(B) Nuclear proliferation
(C) Artificial intelligence
(D) Pandemics
Which of the following is the most important development in science and technology in the past 100 years?
(A) The invention of the internet
(B) The development of the personal computer
(C) The sequencing of the human genome
(D) The development of artificial intelligence
Which of the following is the most important application of science and technology in the future?
(A) Space exploration
(B) Climate Change Mitigation
(C) Artificial intelligence
(D) Gene editing
Which of the following is the most important risk of science and technology in the future?
(A) Artificial intelligence
(B) Climate change
(C) Nuclear proliferation
(D) Pandemics
Which of the following is the most important ethical issue in science and technology?
(A) The use of animals in research
(B) The use of human embryos in research
(C) The development of autonomous weapons
(D) The use of artificial intelligence to make decisions about people
Which of the following is the most important policy issue in science and technology?
(A) Funding for research
(B) Regulation of technology
(C) Intellectual Property Rights
(D) The role of science and technology in national security