<–2/”>a >Sadani / Sadri is a lingua franca used for inter-tribal group Communication in eastern-central India. The term “Sadani” can be used in two senses. In the first, more general meaning, “Sadani” refers to the closely related linguistic varieties in Jharkhand, including forms such as Panch Parganiya, Khortha and Kurmali, which are generally considered independent languages. This term refers to the fact that these linguistic varieties are spoken by the “Sadan” (sadan), i.e., the non-tribal, Indo-Aryan speaking ethnic groups of Jharkhand. The second, more restricted meaning, the one used in this ARTICLE, refers to the speech of central to western Jharkhand and refers to a group of more closely related dialects usually referred to locally as “Sadri” or “Nagpuri” / “Nagpuriya”. The term “Sadani / Sadri” will be used in this article to refer to this one linguistic variety, which will be referred to in the following as “Sadri” only. This variety is generally referred to as “Sadani” in western studies.
The origin of Sadani / Sadri and other related terms is somewhat obscure. Writers tentatively suggests deriving the term “Sadan” from Olianada-, referring to an ethnic group of Northeast India.
Sadri is known by many different names.
Lewis lists the following alternate names: Chota Nagpuri, Dikku Kaji, Ganwari, Gauuari, Gawari, Goari, Jharkhandhi, Nagpuri, Nagpuria, Sadan, Sadana, Sadani, Sadari, Sadati, Sadhan, Sadhari, Sadna, Sadrik, Santri, Siddri and Sradri.
Some names denote the region where it is spoken, e.g. Jharkhandi from Jharkhand with the adjectivizing marker -i, and (Chota) Nagpuri(ya), referring to Nagpur or Chota Nagpur, alternative names for Jharkhand.
Some derive from the names of the groups that speak this language (e.g. Sadani from Sadan),
while some refer to the fact that this language is usually spoken in the village or gãw, e.g. Gawari ‘village language’.
2 Geographical spread
Sadri is mainly spoken in western and central Jharkhand, but also in parts of Orissa, Chattisgarh, West Bengal, Assam and Bangladesh. Lewis (2011) estimates the total number of speakers to be 1,970,000 for 1997. The Census Of India 2001 provides the figure of 2,044,776 speakers.
In addition to this group of native speakers, Sadri is also used as a lingua franca by a large number of so-called “tribal” groups, among others the Kharia (South Munda), Mundari, Bhumij (North Munda) and Kurukh (North Dravidian), and a number of speakers of these “tribal” groups have adopted Sadri as their first language and no longer speak their traditional language.
3 Affiliation (position in genealogical Classification)
Since at least Grierson (1903) there has been general consensus that Sadri belongs to the eastern group of the Indo-Aryan languages. Furthermore, Sadri is often considered a dialect of Bhojpuri in western studies (cf. Grierson (1903); Tiwari (1960); Jordan-Horstmann (1969)). However, this classification is not accepted by many speakers of Sadri, who tend to view Sadri either as a separate language or as a dialect of Hindi, but not of Bhojpuri. Also in the Census of India it is subsumed under Hindi.
4 Written sources
A large amount of literature has been and continues to be published in Sadri, including a number of works by Peter Shanti Nowrangi of different types, both prose and poetry, as well as translations of sections of the New Testament. Other works include Prasad (1992), a collection of folktales, Gau~jhu (2003), a historical drama, as well as a number of translations from other languages into Sadri.,
The Sadan of Jharkhand is the seat of the government of the Indian state of Jharkhand. It is located in Ranchi, the capital of Jharkhand. The Sadan of Jharkhand is a complex of buildings that houses the offices of the Governor of Jharkhand, the Chief Minister of Jharkhand, the Council of Ministers of Jharkhand, the Legislative Assembly of Jharkhand, and the High Court of Jharkhand.
The Assembly of Jharkhand is the unicameral legislature of the state of Jharkhand. It is composed of 81 members, who are elected from single-member constituencies. The Assembly meets in the Vidhan Bhavan, Ranchi.
The Council of Ministers of Jharkhand is the executive body of the State Government. It is headed by the Chief Minister of Jharkhand, who is appointed by the Governor of Jharkhand. The Council of Ministers is responsible for the day-to-day administration of the state.
The Chief Justice of Jharkhand is the head of the High Court of Jharkhand. The High Court is the highest court in the state. It has jurisdiction over all civil and criminal cases arising in the state.
The Governor of Jharkhand is the head of state of the state. He is appointed by the President of India. The Governor has the power to appoint the Chief Minister and the Council of Ministers. He also has the power to dissolve the Assembly and to appoint the Chief Justice of the High Court.
The Legislative Assembly of Jharkhand is the lower house of the State Legislature. It is composed of 81 members, who are elected from single-member constituencies. The Assembly meets in the Vidhan Bhavan, Ranchi.
The List of Chief Ministers of Jharkhand is a list of the chief ministers of the Indian state of Jharkhand. The first chief minister of Jharkhand was Babulal Marandi, who was sworn in on 15 November 2000. The current chief minister of Jharkhand is Hemant Soren, who was sworn in on 29 December 2019.
The List of Governors of Jharkhand is a list of the governors of the Indian state of Jharkhand. The first governor of Jharkhand was Syed Sibtey Razvi, who was appointed on 15 November 2000. The current governor of Jharkhand is Ramesh Bais, who was appointed on 29 December 2019.
The List of Members of the Legislative Assembly of Jharkhand is a list of the members of the Legislative Assembly of Jharkhand. The first session of the Legislative Assembly was held on 28 November 2000. The current session of the Legislative Assembly is the 12th session, which began on 18 December 2019.
The List of Members of the Legislative Council of Jharkhand is a list of the members of the Legislative Council of Jharkhand. The first session of the Legislative Council was held on 15 November 2000. The current session of the Legislative Council is the 10th session, which began on 18 December 2019.
The Secretariat of Jharkhand is the administrative headquarters of the government of Jharkhand. It is located in Ranchi, the capital of Jharkhand. The Secretariat houses the offices of the Chief Minister, the Council of Ministers, and the various departments of the state government.
The State Election Commission of Jharkhand is the body responsible for conducting Elections to the Legislative Assembly and the Legislative Council of Jharkhand. It is also responsible for conducting elections to the local bodies in the state.
The Vidhan Bhavan, Ranchi is the seat of the Legislative Assembly of Jharkhand. It is located in Ranchi, the capital of Jharkhand. The Vidhan Bhavan was built in 1937. It is a Grade I heritage building.
Here are some frequently asked questions and short answers about Jharkhand:
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What is Jharkhand?
Jharkhand is a state in eastern India. It is the 28th state of India, formed on 15 November 2000. The state is bordered by Bihar to the north, West Bengal to the east, Odisha to the south, Chhattisgarh to the west, and Uttar Pradesh to the northwest. The capital of Jharkhand is Ranchi. -
What is the Population of Jharkhand?
The population of Jharkhand is 33,701,703 as of 2011. The population density of Jharkhand is 443 people per square kilometer. -
What is the language spoken in Jharkhand?
The Official Language of Jharkhand is Hindi. However, there are many other languages spoken in the state, including Bengali, Odia, Mundari, and Santhali. -
What is the religion of Jharkhand?
The majority of the population of Jharkhand is Hindu (67.8%). Other religions practiced in the state include Islam (14.5%), Christianity (8.1%), and Sarnaism (4.3%). -
What is the economy of Jharkhand?
The economy of Jharkhand is based on agriculture, mining, and manufacturing. The main agricultural products of Jharkhand are rice, wheat, maize, and pulses. The main Minerals found in Jharkhand are coal, iron Ore, and bauxite. The main manufacturing industries in Jharkhand are steel, cement, and textiles. -
What are the tourist attractions of Jharkhand?
Some of the tourist attractions of Jharkhand include the Dalma Wildlife Sanctuary, the Betla National Park, the Hazaribagh National Park, and the Kanger Valley National Park. Other tourist attractions include the Jagannath Temple in Deoghar, the Panchet Dam, and the Netarhat Hill Station. -
What is the Climate of Jharkhand?
The climate of Jharkhand is tropical. The summers are hot and humid, while the winters are mild. The Average temperature in Jharkhand ranges from 15 degrees Celsius in winter to 40 degrees Celsius in summer. -
What is the government of Jharkhand?
The government of Jharkhand is a parliamentary Democracy. The head of state is the Governor, who is appointed by the President of India. The head of government is the Chief Minister, who is elected by the members of the Legislative Assembly. -
What are the major cities of Jharkhand?
The major cities of Jharkhand are Ranchi, Jamshedpur, Dhanbad, Bokaro, and Giridih. -
What is the history of Jharkhand?
The history of Jharkhand can be traced back to the 16th century. The region was ruled by the Mughal Empire from the 16th to the 18th centuries. In the 18th century, the region was ruled by the Nawabs of Bengal. In the 19th century, the region was ruled by the British East India Company. In 1947, Jharkhand became a part of India. In 2000, Jharkhand was carved out of Bihar to form a separate state. -
What are the challenges facing Jharkhand?
Some of the challenges facing Jharkhand include POVERTY, illiteracy, Unemployment, and Corruption. The state also faces the problem of Naxalism.
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Which of the following is the capital of Jharkhand?
(A) Ranchi
(B) Jamshedpur
(C) Dhanbad
(D) Bokaro -
Which of the following is the largest river in Jharkhand?
(A) Damodar
(B) Subarnarekha
(C) Brahmani
(D) Kharkai -
Which of the following is the highest peak in Jharkhand?
(A) Parasnath
(B) Dalma
(C) Hazaribagh
(D) Rajgir -
Which of the following is the main language spoken in Jharkhand?
(A) Hindi
(B) Bengali
(C) Odia
(D) Mundari -
Which of the following is the main religion in Jharkhand?
(A) Hinduism-2/”>Hinduism
(B) Islam
(C) Christianity
(D) Sikhism -
Which of the following is the main crop grown in Jharkhand?
(A) Rice
(B) Wheat
(C) Maize
(D) Jute -
Which of the following is the main mineral found in Jharkhand?
(A) Coal
(B) Iron ore
(C) Copper
(D) Bauxite -
Which of the following is the main Industry in Jharkhand?
(A) Mining
(B) Steel
(C) Cement
(D) Power -
Which of the following is the main tourist attraction in Jharkhand?
(A) The Rock Garden
(B) The Dalma Wildlife Sanctuary
(C) The Hazaribagh National Park
(D) The Betla National Park -
Which of the following is the famous person from Jharkhand?
(A) Birsa Munda
(B) Jaipal Singh Munda
(C) Shibu Soren
(D) Arjun Munda