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Fiscal role of ministry of finance
The Ministry of Finance plays a very crucial role in development Planning in India. It supervise the financial institution and is responsible for the overall financial management of the country.
The Ministry of Finance is responsible for the fiscal administration of the country. It has three departments, Department of Economic Affairs, Department of Expenditure and Department of Revenue. The Department of Economic Affairs has a Budget Division and it prepares the budget of the Government. The role of the Ministry of Finance is based on 'Financial Control' by the Finance Ministry particularly by its Department of Expenditure. It has three main parts, control exercised during the preparation of the budget, control exercised during the execution of the budget and control on miscellaneous matters.
It scrutinises all proposals emanating from the spending department in so far as they have financial implications. This enables the Ministry to have a free hand in the formulation of policies of other departments. Generally, the scrutiny exercised by the Ministry of Finance in very broad and is more concerned with the over-all financial implications of the proposals and its impact on the expenditure".
The Cabinet attaches considerable weight to the opinion of the Ministry. After all the proposals have been received from the spending ministries, it proceeds to determine the priorities in the larger interests of the nation. It's main concern is to obtain "Proper balance of expenditure between Services, so that greater value could not be obtained for the total expenditure by reducing the Money spent on one service and increasing expenditure on another"3 and to secure a uniform standard in the measurement of the financial sacrifice involved in the activities of all departments".
The Ministry of Finance, thus, plays an important role in development planning in India. It monitors the financial institution, which is responsible for the entire fiscal administration of the country. The focus purpose of these financial institution is on the socio-Economic Development of the country. The role of Ministry of Finance extents to every department, directly or indirectly and its impact is writ large on the entire administration. It maintains financial discipline in the country. As the economic development of India is linked with the successful implementation of the Five Year Plans, the Ministry of Finance cannot remain aloof from it. It plays a vital role in the formulation of plans. In a word, the Ministry constitutes the backbone of development, financial stability and Good Governance.
Role of ministry of finance in Monetary Policy
Monetary Policy is the process by which monetary authority(an authority that controls all matters relating to money) of a country, generally a central bank controls the Supply of Money in the economy by exercising its control over interest rates in order to maintain price stability,reduce Inflation and achieve high economic Growth. A Sound monetary policy ensures that various sectors of the economy have sufficient tokens/authority to carry out their transactions. It provides the basis to the Fiscal Policy and the fiscal policy influences the monetary policy and gives it a direction to proceed in. Monetary policy helps in keeping the Money Supply and economy of a nation stable whereas the fiscal policy is more involved in development and infrastructural work and policy making and enactment of budget. A monetary policy is changed from time to time to combat inflation,Deflation,price rise,imbalance in demand and supply,etc by mopping up excess money or infusing money in the market as the requirement may be. A sound monetary policy helps the government determine its fiscal policy and how much it will collect as revenue and spend as expenditure. The fiscal policy helps bring money into the market whereas the monetary policy helps in managing that money supply and keeping it stable. In India the monetary policy is managed by the RBI which is the central bank as well as monetary authority of the country.
It was an open secret that the Union finance ministry did not see eye to eye with the Reserve Bank of India (RBI) on monetary policy. The rift is now out in the open.
The sequence of recent events is as follows. The finance ministry had summoned the members of the monetary policy committee (MPC) to New Delhi to discuss interest rate policy. The MPC members formally refused to attend the meeting. RBI governor Urjit Patel made this public in an interaction with journalists. The MPC also decided—rightly in our opinion—to not cut interest rates in their policy meeting on . Chief economic adviser Arvind Subramanian put out a statement on why he disagreed with the decision.
Such conflicts between finance ministries and central banks are not uncommon across the world. The question is how well the creative tension is managed. India itself provides starkly different examples.
There was excellent coordination between New Delhi and Mumbai when Manmohan Singh was finance minister and C. Rangarajan was RBI governor, even when the central bank went in for a brutal tightening of policy in response to double-digit inflation. We saw a similar smooth working relationship between Yashwant Sinha and Bimal Jalan.
Matters have been more Tense since then. The episodes of friction between the two masters of our financial universe are well known. Some of them were highlighted in the book written by former RBI governor D. Subbarao, Who Moved My Interest Rate?. These years of conflict also saw a concerted campaign from New Delhi to cut the RBI down to size, as when the Financial Stability and Development Council was set up in 2010 with the central bank as just one of several regulatory institutions who are its members. The rupee crisis of 2013 did act as a glue, but even here most of the coordination was done by officials rather than the finance minister and the governor.
Institutional coordination is as much an art as a science. The art comes from the ability of people to work together despite conflicting views. The science comes from the institutional rules that set out the specific areas of responsibility. Both need to be nurtured.
The MPC members did well to not attend the meeting in the finance ministry. We had argued in these columns earlier that such a meeting was in conflict with the clear provisions of the RBI Act. However, the finance ministry is also empowered under the revised Act to offer its views on interest policy in writing to the MPC. Subramanian has done precisely that, though in the public sphere.
Disagreement is not in itself a bad thing, as long as the legal provision that the MPC gets freedom to pursue the inflation target formally given to it by the government is respected. What matters more right now is the threat of a breakdown in Communication. It is not just about interest rate policy. The biggest risks to economic stability right now come from the Banking sector. Several policies have been tried out. Several ideas have been floated. The mountain of bad loans has kept getting bigger.
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The finance ministry is a government department responsible for the management of a country’s finances. It is responsible for setting the government’s budget, collecting taxes, and issuing Bonds/”>Government Bonds. The finance ministry also oversees the central bank and regulates the financial sector.
The finance ministry plays a vital role in the economy. It is responsible for ensuring that the government has enough money to meet its obligations and that the economy is stable. The finance ministry also plays a role in promoting economic growth and development.
The finance ministry is a complex and important organization. It is responsible for a wide range of tasks, and its decisions can have a significant impact on the economy.
The finance ministry is headed by the finance minister, who is a member of the cabinet. The finance minister is responsible for setting the government’s fiscal policy, which is the government’s plan for spending and raising money. The finance minister also oversees the work of the finance ministry and the central bank.
The finance ministry is divided into a number of departments, each of which is responsible for a different area of finance. The main departments are the budget department, the tax department, the Debt Management department, the Financial Markets department, and the financial institutions department.
The budget department is responsible for preparing the government’s budget. The budget is a plan for how the government will spend and raise money in the coming year. The budget includes spending on things like Education, healthcare, and Infrastructure-2/”>INFRASTRUCTURE, as well as revenue from taxes and other sources.
The tax department is responsible for collecting taxes. Taxes are a major source of revenue for the government. The tax department collects taxes on income, profits, goods and services, and property.
The debt management department is responsible for managing the government’s debt. The government’s debt is the total amount of money that the government owes. The debt management department issues government bonds, which are loans that the government sells to investors.
The financial markets department is responsible for managing the government’s financial assets and liabilities. The financial markets department also manages the government’s Foreign Exchange reserves.
The financial institutions department is responsible for regulating the financial sector. The financial sector includes banks, insurance companies, and other financial institutions. The goal of regulation is to protect consumers and the financial system from fraud and other risks.
The finance ministry plays a vital role in the economy. It is responsible for ensuring that the government has enough money to meet its obligations and that the economy is stable. The finance ministry also plays a role in promoting economic growth and development.
What is monetary policy?
Monetary policy is the actions taken by a central bank to influence the money supply and interest rates in an economy. The goal of monetary policy is to promote economic growth and stability.
What is fiscal policy?
Fiscal policy is the use of government spending and Taxation to influence the economy. The goal of fiscal policy is to promote economic growth and stability.
What is the role of the finance ministry in monetary and fiscal policy?
The finance ministry is responsible for developing and implementing the government’s monetary and fiscal policies. The finance ministry works with the central bank to set interest rates and manage the money supply. The finance ministry also works with the treasury to set taxes and spending levels.
What are the Tools Of Monetary Policy?
The tools of monetary policy are open market operations, reserve requirements, and the DISCOUNT rate. Open market operations are the buying and selling of Government Securities by the central bank. Reserve requirements are the amount of money that banks must hold in reserve. The discount rate is the interest rate that the central bank charges banks for loans.
What are the tools of fiscal policy?
The tools of fiscal policy are government spending, taxation, and Transfer Payments. Government spending is the amount of money that the government spends on goods and services. Taxation is the amount of money that the government collects in taxes. Transfer payments are payments that the government makes to individuals or businesses, such as Social Security payments and Unemployment benefits.
What are the effects of monetary policy?
Monetary policy can affect the economy in a number of ways. By increasing the money supply, the central bank can lower interest rates. This can make it cheaper for businesses to borrow money, which can lead to increased Investment and economic growth. By decreasing the money supply, the central bank can raise interest rates. This can make it more expensive for businesses to borrow money, which can lead to decreased investment and economic growth.
What are the effects of fiscal policy?
Fiscal policy can affect the economy in a number of ways. By increasing government spending, the government can stimulate the economy. This can lead to increased EMPLOYMENT and economic growth. By decreasing government spending, the government can reduce the deficit and national debt. This can lead to lower interest rates and increased investment.
What are the challenges of monetary and fiscal policy?
Monetary and fiscal policy are complex tools that can have a significant impact on the economy. It is important for policymakers to carefully consider the potential effects of their decisions before taking action. Some of the challenges of monetary and fiscal policy include:
- Timing: It can be difficult for policymakers to time their actions correctly. If they act too soon, they may not be able to achieve their desired results. If they act too late, they may not be able to prevent a Recession or other economic downturn.
- Uncertainty: The economy is constantly changing, and it is difficult for policymakers to predict how their actions will affect the economy. This uncertainty can make it difficult to make effective decisions.
- Political pressure: Policymakers are often under pressure from politicians and special interest groups. This pressure can make it difficult for them to make decisions that are in the best interests of the economy as a whole.
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The main objective of monetary policy is to:
(a) Control inflation
(b) Control unemployment
(c) Control interest rates
(d) Control the money supply -
The main objective of fiscal policy is to:
(a) Control inflation
(b) Control unemployment
(c) Control interest rates
(d) Control the money supply -
The Federal Reserve is responsible for implementing monetary policy in the United States.
(a) True
(b) False -
The U.S. Treasury Department is responsible for implementing fiscal policy in the United States.
(a) True
(b) False -
The Federal Reserve uses open market operations, reserve requirements, and the discount rate to implement monetary policy.
(a) True
(b) False -
The U.S. government uses taxes and spending to implement fiscal policy.
(a) True
(b) False -
Monetary policy is more effective in the short run, while fiscal policy is more effective in the long run.
(a) True
(b) False -
When the Federal Reserve raises interest rates, it makes it more expensive for businesses to borrow money, which can lead to a decrease in investment and economic growth.
(a) True
(b) False -
When the Federal Reserve lowers interest rates, it makes it cheaper for businesses to borrow money, which can lead to an increase in investment and economic growth.
(a) True
(b) False -
When the U.S. government increases spending, it puts more money into the hands of consumers and businesses, which can lead to an increase in Aggregate Demand and economic growth.
(a) True
(b) False -
When the U.S. government decreases spending, it takes money out of the hands of consumers and businesses, which can lead to a decrease in aggregate demand and economic growth.
(a) True
(b) False -
The government budget deficit is the difference between government spending and government revenue.
(a) True
(b) False -
The government budget surplus is the difference between government revenue and government spending.
(a) True
(b) False -
The national debt is the total amount of money that the government owes.
(a) True
(b) False -
The national debt is a problem because it can lead to higher interest rates and inflation.
(a) True
(b) False